That genetic factors contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia is no longer debated; the nature and magnitude of that contribution, however, are still open for discussion. In this article, concordance rates for twin studies of schizophrenia are reviewed as one means of assessing the magnitude of the genetic contribution. Using only those studies in which representative samples were used and z...

Although we have made great strides in reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease over the past 50 years, blacks in the United States still face increased cardiovascular mortality, along with a disproportionate burden of risk factors.1–3 However, if race-based comparisons become the basis for action, it is essential that they be measured and interpreted accurately. Blacks experience higher m...

Over the past 30 years, researchers have used various approximations to address the impact of measurement uncertainty on optimal management policy. This literature has consistently suggested the counter-intuitive proposition that increasing harvest levels in the presence of measurement error is often optimal. Here, we use state-of-the art algorithms for Partially Observed Markov Decision Proces...

The hedonic value of an outcome can be influenced by the alternatives to which it is compared, which is why people expect to be happier with outcomes that maximize comparative value (e.g., a job that pays them $45,000 and pays others $40,000) than with outcomes that maximize absolute value (e.g., a job that pays them $50,000 and pays others $55,000). Eight experiments showed that affective fore...

Species range maps based on extents of occurrence (EOO maps) have become the basis for many analyses in broad-scale ecology and conservation. Nevertheless, EOO maps are usually highly interpolated and overestimate small-scale occurrence, which may bias research outcomes. We evaluated geographical range overestimation and its potential ecological causes for 1158 bird species by quantifying EOO m...

Intent. The intent of Learned Discourses is to provide a forum for open discussion. These articles reflect the professional opinions of the authors regarding scientific issues. They do not represent SETAC positions or policies. And, although they are subject to editorial review for clarity, consistency, and brevity, these articles are not peer reviewed. The Learned Discourses date from 1996 in ...

While cybercrime has existed for many years and is still reported to be a growing problem, reliable estimates of the economic impacts are rare. We develop a survey instrument tailored to measure the costs of consumer-facing cybercrime systematically, by aggregating different cost factors into direct losses and expenses for protection measures. We use our instrument to collect representative pri...