This technical report describes the participation of women in computing in more than 30 countries, by focussing on participation at undergraduate level. A brief discussion covers how societal and cultural factors may affect women’s participation. Statistics from many different sources are presented for comparison. Generally, participation is low – most countries fall in the 10-40% range with a ...

This paper seeks to provide an input towards developing the proposal for the research project, “Pathways of Women’s Empowerment” to investigate the determinants of women’s empowerment where and when it occurs. It primarily attempts to give an overview of the trends in research, thinking and programmes in Pakistan from 1975 onwards in the area of women’s empowerment and bodily integrity in order...

Joint-stock cooperative company is not recognized in Commercial Code of Iran and the amendment bill of the Commercial Code adopted in 1968. This business entity has a unique description because of both being cooperative and having joint stock. It is a joint-stock company that is chartered based on Commercial Code of Iran, amendment bill of the Commercial Code adopted in 1968, and Principle 44 o...

This paper reports on issues related to the use of mobile phones by women aged 60 years and over. The study started with a series of focus group discussions, which covered usage patterns, problems, benefits, ideal phone design, and desired and unwanted features. It then moved to an exploration of the group’s cooperative learning process when encountering an unfamiliar mobile phone. The issues r...

In this paper, we discuss the historical and current perspectives on women in computer science and the recent downward trend of women's participation in this field We then present results from a survey that asked respondents their views on why women's participation in the field of computing is decreasing, what we can do to reverse this trend, and what they predict the future holds for women in ...

The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of a vertical version of horizontally oriented three Appraisal of Violent Situation scales that elicit women's subjective appraisals of severity, dangerousness, and controllability of violence. Construct validity of the vertical scale eliciting 64 abused women's perceptions of severity of violence experienced was supported by a l...

Despite greater knowledge about gender (in)equality issues, women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) are still largely portrayed in stereotypical ways in the media. We sought to uncover what both academic research and mainstream US and UK media communicate relative to the topic of women in STEM, in general, and women in computing, in particular. The notion of image cente...

This paper reviews the growing body of research literature on the relationship of domestic violence to welfare. Not only do women on welfare suffer from domestic violence in far greater numbers than women in the general population, but their abusers, threatened by the women's efforts at education, training, or work, also use violence and threats of violence to sabotage these efforts at economic...

The Independent Women Source of Chage’s Cooperative better known as the Preman Super’s is an association women under Organization which was founded on March 21, 2021 in Malang City. organization whose purpose to eradicate poverty and empower through programs it runs. This has 70 active members, all are entrepreneurs MSMEs spread across its territory Malang. activities Savings Loan services help...