Attacks on cryptographic systems are limited by the available computational resources. A theoretical understanding of these resource limitations is needed to evaluate the security of cryptographic primitives and procedures. This study uses an Attacker versus Environment game formalism based on computability logic to quantify Shannon’s work function and evaluate resource use in cryptanalysis. A ...

These were not the first estimates for E,* but they were the cleanest. Only a year earlier, Lebesguc had given estimates for approximation by the nth Fourier sums; but the latter contain logarithms which are absent in (3). As natural as (3) seems, there is still the question whether it is in some sense best possible. Bernstein [2] showed that this is the case, in at least two different ways. He...

The list update problem, a well-studied problem in dynamic data structures, can be described abstractly as a metrical task system. In this paper, we prove that a generic metrical task system algorithm, called the work function algorithm, has constant competitive ratio for list update. In the process, we present a new formulation of the well-known \list factoring" technique in terms of a partial...

In this issue of RESPIRATORY CARE, a report by Borg and Thompson1 examines an aspect of the measurement of static lung volumes according to recommendations in the 2005 American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Standardisation of Lung Function Testing.2-6 The procedure for measuring absolute lung volumes begins with establishing functional residual capacity, followed by ...

The experimental observations of metallurgical interactions between compound semiconductor substrates and metallic or oxide overlayers have stimulated a new model of Fermi level "pinning" at these interfaces. This model assumes the standard Schottky picture of interface band alignment, but that the interface phases involved are not the pure metal or oxide normally assumed by other models. For b...

The primary function of muscle is to generate force and produce movement in animals. Before 1985, muscle function had typically been examined under maximally stimulated conditions, while held at a constant length or allowed to shorten at a constant force. Although crucial for understanding fundamental mechanisms and properties of muscle, these contractions at a constant length (isometric) or un...

Twelve males (six moderate drinkers and six abstainers) were studied for the influence of varying dosages of alcohol on cardiorespiratory function and work performance. The subjects underwent three separate maximal exercise tests which consisted of progressive workloads on the bicycle ergometer. Prior to each work bout the subject consumed either a placebo (0.0 ml.kg-1), small (0.44 ml.kg-1), o...