Energy metabolism is the most integral body function, and, as any functional activity, it has an effect on energy expenditure. Body energy expenditures are composed of three unequal parts: basal metabolism, energy supply of functional activity and energy expenditure on growth, development and the adaptive processes. The proportion of these expenditures is determined by the stage of individual d...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW A fundamental advance in our understanding of endocrine control of energy balance and body weight came with the discovery of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin. The leptin pathway appeared to be the long-sought peripheral signal pathway from the adipose tissue to the brain involved in the regulation of feeding and energy balance. RECENT FINDINGS Initially, leptin was consi...

Medical interest in assessing energy expenditure has varied considerably during this century. The increase in recent years has been largely due to the recognition, by surgeons, of the catabolic state present in many of their patients, particularly those recovering from severe injuries and those with septic complications of accidental or surgical trauma. Examples of the last group are patients w...

The ability to accurately and reliably monitor physical activity and energy expenditure has emerged as a critical component to weight management and the prevention of lifestyle related health problems. Current methods and tools used by researchers, clinical practitioners, and individuals to assess physical activity and energy expenditure were reviewed and found to have practicality and accuracy...

conclusions according to the results of the present study, aerobic exercise at moderate intensity and proper time can be considered as a special treatment to prevent diabetes complications and related disorders, particularly obesity. objectives this study aimed to determine whether in patients with type 2 diabetes, substrate oxidation and energy expenditure were affected by the type of intensit...

BACKGROUND Accurate determination of caloric requirements is essential to avoid feeding-associated complications in critically ill patients. METHODS In critically ill cancer patients we compared the measured and estimated resting energy expenditures. All patients admitted to the oncology intensive care unit between March 2004 and July 2005 were considered for inclusion. For those patients enr...

Previous studies from this department have emphasized the wide variations occurring amongst healthy young adults, both in the daily intake of energy as judged by records of food consumption, and in energy expenditure recorded by indirect calorimetry, for a set task such as walking under standard conditions (Kitchin and others, 1949; Delbue and others, 1949). Although no correlation was demonstr...

This paper reveals that logistics make up at least 17% of annual operational expenditure costs for offshore wind farms. Annual operational expenditure is found to vary by a factor of 9.5, making its share of levelized cost of energy for offshore wind range from 13% to 57%. These are key findings of a 20-month research project targeting cost reduction initiatives for offshore wind systems. The f...

Obesity-prone (OP) rodents are used as models of human obesity predisposition. The goal of the present study was to identify preexisting defects in energy expenditure components in OP rats. Two studies were performed. In the first one, male Wistar rats (n = 48) were fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 3 wk and then a high-fat diet (HFD) for the next 3 wk. This study showed that adiposity gai...