Nematode Collection and DNA Extraction Nematodes were collected following methods previously described [1]. Mixed-­‐stages of Anguina agrostis were obtained from infected bentgrass seed. Globodera ellingtonae eggs were obtained from cysts reared on potato in field microplots. A population of Xiphinema americanum originally obtained from a vineyard was cultured in soil on sudangrass in a greenho...

Twenty-nine species of plant-parasitic nematodes were recovered from 282 soil samples collected from turfgrasses in 19 counties in North Carolina (NC) and 20 counties in South Carolina (SC) during 2011 and from previous collections. These nematodes belong to 22 genera in 15 families, including Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Dolichodorus heterocephalus, Filenchus cylindricus, Helicotylenchus dihyst...

A survey was conducted to determine the assemblage and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes and their associations with soil factors in organically farmed fields in Minnesota. A total of 31 soil samples were collected from southeast (SE), 26 samples from southwest (SW), 28 from west-central (WC), and 23 from northwest (NW) Minnesota. The assemblage and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes v...

The abundance and distribution of nematodes in the soil is influenced by biotic and abiotic soil factors. A previous study based on soil samples collected over a large part of KwaZulu-Natal showed that numbers of Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus and Paratrichodorus were inversely related to pH and positively related to iron levels in the soil. Weaker relationships occurred between both aluminium a...

Ultrastructure of the Z-organ and associated apophyses in Xiphinema coxi coxi was studied by transmission electron microscopy to determine their structural origin and relationship with other parts of the genital tract. The Z-organ of X. coxi coxi is oval-shaped, ca. 30 microm long and 16 microm wide. It is clearly distinguished from the other parts of the female genital tract by its thick muscu...