Abstract This paper presents a robust approach using artificial neural networks in the form of a Self Organizing Map (SOM) as a semi-automatic method for analysis and identification of morphometric features in two completely different environments, the Man and Biosphere Reserve “Eastern Carpathians” (Central Europe) in a complex mountainous humid area and Yardangs in Lut Desert, Iran, a hyper...

Introduction: High albedo features in Valles Marineris (VM) were first identified in Mariner 9 data and ever since there has been a continuous source of debate concerning their emplacement and evolution. Tithonium Chasma (TC) system on Mars is the westernmost part of Valles Marineris (VM) that present light toned outcrops (LTO) in ambiguous relationship with plain material that cuts through. Wh...

Sand-filled, wedge-shaped structures beneath a thin layer of aeolian sand penetrate a preIllinoian till and gravel in northeastern Nebraska. Interpreted to be relic thermal contraction crack wedges, they provide the first definite evidence in this State of the former presence of permafrost. The wedges are 57 m apart, 1.8-2.8 m deep and 0.6-0.9 m across at the top, taper downward to a crack and ...

The Ordos Basin of China encompasses the Mu Us Desert in the northwest and the Chinese Loess Plateau to the south and east. The boundary between the mostly internally drained Mu Us Desert and fluvially incised Loess Plateau is an erosional escarpment, up to 400 m in relief, composed of Quaternary loess. Linear ridges, with lengths of ~102–103 m, are formed in Cretaceous–Quaternary strata throug...