New characterizations of sequential equilibrium, perfect equilibrium, and proper equilibrium are provided that use nonstandard probability. It is shown that there exists a belief system μ such that (~σ, μ) is a sequential equilibrium in an extensive game with perfect recall iff there exist an infinitesimal and a strategy profile ~σ′ consisting of completely mixed behavioral strategies (so that ...

The past several years have witnessed a renewed and growing interest in improving the quality of governance, and government, in virtually every region of the world. There are many reasons for this development. The very significant economic, social and institutional upheavals that have characterized the past two decades have been significant contributing factors. Reform efforts initiated in many...

where c#,Jr) is the number of F-partitions of r using h colors with (at most) s repetitions where s can be any positive integer or 00 (to represent no restriction on repetitions). The proofs of these congruences were based on some interesting congruence properties of compositions and were combinatorial in nature. Though the proofs were straightforward, they were somewhat lengthy and tedious. Du...

A number of different formal analyses of relative clauses have been proposed over the years. For example, the adjunction analysis states that the relative clause is adjoined to the modified noun; the antisymmetry analysis (formulated in Kayne 1994) posits that the complementizer phrase (CP) is the direct complement of the determiner (the determiner being the head of the nominal projection), and...

Defined as the differential extent to which rich countries and poor countries benefit from various forms of information technology (IT), the global digital divide has been extensively measured and described in national as well as international debates. The problem, however, is that the topic is highly fragmented in the literature, with few attempts to put the parts into a coherent analytical fr...