Figures Suppl. Figure S1. Frequency distribution of the ratio of 16:Ald to Z11-16:Ald in field-collected virgin and subsequent laboratory-reared mated females. Suppl. Figure S2. Crossing scheme for High and Low selection lines. Suppl. Figure S3. Response of the ratio of 16:Ald to Z11-16:Ald to direct selection for a high or a low relative proportion of 16:Ald in Heliothis virescens over nine ge...

Recent JWST observations of the z=10.6 galaxy GN-z11 have revealed a very high gas-phase nitrogen abundance (higher than four times solar value), small half-light radius(~ 60 pc), and large stellar mass (M_s ~ 10^9 M_sun) for its size. We consider that this object is forming galactic nucleus or ultra-compact dwarf rather proto globular cluster, thereby investigate chemical pattern using one-zon...

The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) is a model of evolution of sexual communication in insects. Two pheromone strains produce and respond to opposite ratios of the two pheromone components, Z11 and E11-tetradecenylacetate. The Z-strain uses a ratio of 97:3 of Z11:E11 tetradecenylacetate, whereas the E-strain uses a ratio of 1:99. We studied how the difference in male preference ...

While many Plusiinae species commonly secrete (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:OAc) as a key pheromone component, female moths of the rice looper (Plusia festucae) exceptionally utilize (Z)-5-dodecenyl acetate (Z5-12:OAc) to communicate with their partners. GC-MS analysis of methyl esters derived from fatty acids included in the pheromone gland of P. festucae showed a series of esters monounsatur...

The Z11 trial demonstrated a subgroup of patients with low axillary burden who do not benefit from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) at short-term follow-up when treated with adjuvant whole-breast radiotherapy and systemic therapy. We consider the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and look at and beyond the Z11 trial to consider further imaging studies, which may offer truly minimal...

Third instar larvae of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) were reared with artificial diet containing a Bacillus thuringiensis-abamectin (BtA) biopesticide mixture that resulted in 20% mortality (LD20). The adult male survivors from larvae treated with BtA exhibited a higher percentage of "orientation" than control males but lower percentages of "approaching" and "landing" in wind tunne...

T he remarkable long-distance sexual communication system of moths has fascinated and puzzled biologists and chemists since bombykol was identified and the term “pheromone” was coined 51 years ago. The pheromone signal is a bouquet of volatile chemicals wafting through the night air, synthesized and released by the female’s pheromone gland and detected and decoded by the male’s antenna and cent...

Here V(t,x) = (V1, . . . ,Vn), ρ(t,x) are a vector function and a scalar function which denote the velocity and the density of the medium, G(Z) is an n×n matrix function with the coefficients gi j = gi j(z11, . . . , znn) whose arguments are the coefficients of an n× n matrix Z, Φ is a scalar function, G and Φ are supposed to be smooth, μ > 0. Next, B(V) = zx(0, t,x), where z(τ, t,x) is a solut...