This paper investigates the Becker-Woessmann (2009) argument that Protestants were more prosperous in nineteenth-century Prussia because they were more literate, a version of the Weber thesis, and shows that it cannot be sustained. The econometric analysis on which Becker and Woessman based their argument is fundamentally flawed, because their instrumental variable does not satisfy the exclusio...

An Economic Perspective on Religious Education: Complements and Substitutes in a Human Capital Portfolio This paper models the tradeoffs between education in secular subjects, formal and informal, and the formation of religion-specific human capital. It explores some implications of negative externalities between religious and secular education. Applications include the tension between science ...

This paper extends the club model of religion to better account for observed patterns of extremism. We adapt existing models to a multi-agent framework and analyze the distribution of agents and clubs. We find that extremism is more successful when religious groups are able to produce close substitutes for standard goods and that increased access to publicly provided goods can reduce the extrem...

BACKGROUND The Y-box-binding protein (YB-1) is described as a potential oncogene highly expressed in tumors and associated with increased cell survival, proliferation, migration and anti-apoptotic signaling. The aim of our study was to examine the expression and role of YB-1 in human endometriosis (Eo) and its association with cell survival, proliferation and invasion. METHODS We analyzed the...

BACKGROUND The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), exists as two separate sex pheromone races. ECB(Z) females produce a 97ratio3 blend of Z11- and E11-tetradecenyl acetate whereas ECB(E) females produce an opposite 1ratio99 ratio of the Z and E isomers. Males of each race respond specifically to their conspecific female's blend. A closely related species, the Asian corn bore...

PURPOSE To define the corneal optics of conductive keratoplasty (CK) and assess the clinical implications for hyperopia and presbyopia management. METHODS Four analyses were done. (1) Multifocal effects: In a prospective study of CK, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) for a given refractive error in 72 postoperative eyes was compared to control eyes. (2) Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA): 20...

The progress of the joint Pilot Project for time transfer, formed by the International GPS Service (IGS) and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), was recently reviewed. Three notable milestones were set. 1) The IGS will implement, at least in a test mode, an internally realized time scale based on an integration of combined frequency standards within the IGS network. This will ...

This paper quantifies the association between religions, religiosity and educational attainment of new lawful immigrants to the U.S. This paper considers a broad set of religions that includes most of the major religions of the world. Using data from the New Immigrant Survey (2003), we show that affiliation with religion is not necessarily associated with an increase in educational attainment. ...