We investigate the relations between different variants of the LZ77 parsing existing in the literature. All of them are defined as greedily constructed parsings encoding each phrase by reference to a string occurring earlier in the input. They differ by the phrase encodings: encoded by pairs (length + position of an earlier occurrence) or by triples (length + position of an earlier occurrence +...

Tutte introduced the theory of nowhere zero flows and showed that a plane graph G has a face k-coloring if and only if G has a nowhere zero A-flow, for any Abelian group A with |A| ≥ k. In 1992, Jaeger et al. [9] extended nowhere zero flows to group connectivity of graphs: given an orientationD of a graph G, if for any b : V (G) → Awith  v∈V (G) b(v) = 0, there always exists a map f : E(G) →...

The projection conditions for the quotient gauge theory of the D-brane world volume theory are studied for C/Z3 × Z3.The series expansion solutions which satisfy these conditions are constructed and they are shown to be incompatible with the F-flatness conditions for the discrete torsion case.

Let G be a 2-edge-connected simple graph on n ≥ 3 vertices and A an abelian group with |A| ≥ 3. If a graph G is obtained by repeatedly contracting nontrivial A-connected subgraphs of G until no such a subgraph left, we say G can be A-reduced to G. Let G5 be the graph obtained from K4 by adding a new vertex v and two edges joining v to two distinct vertices of K4. In this paper, we prove that fo...

Modern Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers are fundamental to many program analysis, verification, design and testing tools. They are a good fit for the domain of software and hardware engineering because they support many domains that are commonly used by the tools. The meaning of domains are captured by theories that can be axiomatized or supported by efficient theory solvers. Nevert...

While a variety of software packages are available for analyzing two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gel images, no comparisons between these packages have been published, making it difficult for end users to determine which package would best meet their needs. The goal here was to develop a set of tests to quantitatively evaluate and then compare two software packages, Melanie 3.0 and Z3, i...

We apply mirror symmetry to the problem of counting holomorphic rational curves in a Calabi-Yau threefold X with Z3 ⊕ Z3 Wilson lines. As we found in Part A [1], the integral homology group H2(X,Z) = Z 3 ⊕ Z3 ⊕ Z3 contains torsion curves. Using the B-model on the mirror of X as well as its covering spaces, we compute the instanton numbers. We observe that X is self-mirror even at the quantum le...

Background and Context Maize, the main staple crop remains the dominant crop among smallholder farmers in Malawi. Smallholder farmers devote almost 70 percent of their land to maize cultivation, and maize availability in the country de nes the food security situation of the country. Smallholder agriculture in Malawi has been characterized by low productivity, low technology and labour intensive...

I propose a model of radiative charged-lepton and neutrino masses with A4 symmetry. The soft breaking of A4 to Z3 lepton triality is accomplished by dimension-three terms. The breaking of Z3 by dimension-two terms allows cobimaximal neutrino mixing (θ13 6= 0, θ23 = π/4, δCP = ±π/2) to be realized with only very small finite calculable deviations from the residual Z3 lepton triality. This constr...