Objective- To describe the normal sonographic images of the soft tissues of the dorsal and palmar aspects of the fetlock region in the draught horses.   Design- Descriptive study.   Animals- Five clinically and radiographically normal draught male horses were used during this study.   Procedures- Horses were examined both radiographic and ultrasound ante mortem and post mortem. Based on the pro...

In recent years, there have been many and varied successful applications of the Vygotskian concept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD) to the area of literacy learning (e.g., Burkhalter, 1995; Combs, 1996; Steward, 1996). These applications, often developed as instructional programs, generally demonstrate the viability of providing children support within their ZPD and describe various wa...

In this paper, we propose a computational approach to modeling the Zone of Proximal Development of students who learn using a natural-language tutoring system for physics. We employ a student model to predict students’ performance based on their prior knowledge and activity when using a dialogue tutor to practice with conceptual, reflection questions about high-school level physics. Furthermore...

The notion of zone of proximal development has come to be used widely to theorize learning and learning opportunities. Unfortunately, following a simplified reading of its original definition and primary sense in the quote that opens this text, the concept tends to be thought of in terms of the opposition of individuals. One of these individuals, a teacher or peer, is more capable than another ...

The term zone of proximal development is probably one of the most widely recognized and wellknown ideas associated with Vygotsky’s scientific legacy. This famous concept is more precise and elaborated than its common reception or interpretation (Chaiklin, 2003, p. 39). It could be viewed in a narrow context, i.e. within the concrete problem of relations between learning and development. But to ...

Background: Endovascular approach to the aortic arch is an appealing solution for selected patients. Objective: To compare the technical and clinical success recorded in the different anatomical settings of endografting for aortic arch disease. Methods: Between June 1999 and October 2006, among 178 patients treated at our institution for thoracic aorta disease with a stent-graft, the aortic arc...

A 67-year-old man complicated with back pain. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed an extended thoracoabdominal aneurysm. We successfully performed a three-stage hybrid repair using the visceral-renal debranching technique. For the first stage operation we performed Y-grafting with the debranching technique to create a distal landing zone. Then, for the second stage operation, we performed ...

BACKGROUND Zone 2 flexor tendon injuries still represent a challenging problem to hand surgeons despite the well developed surgical techniques and suture materials. Meticulous surgical repair with atraumatic handling of the severed tendon stumps and minimal damage to the tendon sheath are particularly important to prevent postoperative adhesions and ruptures in this area.In zone 2 flexor tendon...