β-Arrestins (β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2) were first identified as proteins that have the ability to desensitize G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, it has recently been found that β-arrestins can activate signaling pathways independent of G protein activation. The diversity of these signaling pathways has also been recognized. This leads to an appreciation of β-arrestin-biased agon...

Safety and quality of food have become a challenge for the food industry looking to replace synthetic preservatives with natural agents. In this context, cinnamon leaf essential oil (CLO) showed to be potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agent; however, its active compounds are highly reactive volatiles and grant strong odors and flavors when used as food additive. With this in mind, the object...

In this note we present answers to the open problems posed by Brualdi, Kiernan, Meyer and Schroeder in [Cyclic matching sequencibility of graphs, Australas. J. Combin. 53 (2012), 245–256]. 1 Discussion and response Let G ⊆ Kn be a graph of order n with m edges. The matching number of G is the maximum number of edges in a matching. The matching number of a linear ordering e1, e2, . . . , em of t...

We investigate hierarchies of semidefinite approximations for the chromatic number χ(G) of a graph G. We introduce an operator Ψ mapping any graph parameter β(G), nested between the stability number α(G) and χ(G), to a new graph parameter Ψ β (G), nested between α(G) and χ(G); Ψ β (G) is polynomial time computable if β(G) is. As an application, there is no polynomial time computable graph param...

We present evidence of a link between interferonβ-1b (IFN-β) and G-protein signaling by demonstrating that IFN-β can induce the expression of the negative regulator of G-protein signaling 1 (RGS1). RGS1 reduces G-protein activation and immune cell migration by interacting with heterotrimeric G-proteins and enhancing their intrinsic GTPase activity. In this study, IFN-β treatment resulted in the...

A straight-line drawing of a plane graph G is a drawing of G where each vertex is drawn as a point and each edge is drawn as a straight-line segment without edge crossings. A proximity drawing Γ of a plane graph G is a straightline drawing of G with the additional geometric constraint that two vertices of G are adjacent if and only if no other vertex of G is drawn in Γ within a “proximity regio...

Let G be a finite group, let V be an FG-module of finite dimension d, and denote by β(V ,G) the minimal number m such that the invariant ring S(V ) is generated by finitely many elements of degree at most m. A classical result of E. Noether says that β(V ,G) 6 |G| provided that charF is coprime to |G|!. If charF divides |G|, then no bounds for β(V ,G) are known except for very special choices o...

If G is a centreless group, then τ(G) denotes the height of the automorphism tower of G. We prove that it is consistent that for every cardinal λ and every ordinal α < λ, there exists a centreless group G such that (a) τ(G) = α; and (b) if β is any ordinal such that 1 ≤ β < λ, then there exists a notion of forcing P, which preserves cofinalities and cardinalities, such that τ(G) = β in the corr...

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted with 87 g rainbow trout to evaluate the effects on growth performances, feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility of adding β-mannanase and α-galactosidase enzymes, solely or in combination. Seven diets were prepared by adding β-mannanase, α-galactosidase and mixed enzyme at two different levels (1 g/kg and 2 g/kg) to control diet (without enzyme) includin...

RATIONALE Phosphorylation of β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) by a family of serine/threonine kinases known as G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) and protein kinase A (PKA) is a critical determinant of cardiac function. Upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a well-established causal factor of heart failure, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. OBJEC...