A new acetylenic acid, (10E,14Z)-9-oxooctadeca-10,14-dien-12-ynoic acid (1), was isolated from the edible mushroom Chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius), together with a known acetylenic acid, (10E,14Z)-9-hydroxyoctadeca-10,14-dien-12-ynoic acid (2) and their structures were determined through analysis of NMR and mass data. The new acetylenic acid (1) specifically activated peroxisome proliferato...

In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour via Γ-convergence of some integral functionals Fε which model some multi-dimensional structures and depend explicitly on the linearized strain tensor. The functionals Fε are defined in particular classes of functions with bounded deformation while the limit problem is set in the usual framework of Sobolev spaces or BD(Ω). We also construct an exam...

We study homogenization by Γ-convergence of functionals of type Z Ω W “ x ε ,∇φ(x) ” dx, where Ω ⊂ RN is a bounded open set, φ ∈ W 1,p(Ω; Rm) and p > 1, when the 1-periodic integrand W : RN ×Mm×N → [0, +∞] is not of p-polynomial growth. Our homogenization technique can be applied when m = N and W has a singular behavior of type W (x, ξ) → +∞ as detξ → 0. However, our technique is not consistent...

We study homogenization by Γ-convergence, with respect to the L1-strong convergence, of periodic multiple integrals in W 1,∞ when the integrand can take infinite values outside of a convex bounded open set of matrices.

Ferulic acid is known to act as a protective agent in cerebral ischemia through its anti-oxidant activity. γ-Enolase is a neuron-specific enolase that also exerts a neuroprotective effect. Here, we investigated whether ferulic acid regulates the expression level of γ-enolase in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced brain injury and glutamate exposure-induced neuronal cell death. Adult...

A reverse genetics approach was used to investigate the role of γ-aminobutyric acid metabolism in the wheat pathogenic fungus Stagonospora nodorum. The creation of mutants lacking Sdh1, the gene encoding succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, resulted in strains that grew poorly on γ-aminobutyric acid as a nitrogen source. The sdh1 mutants were more susceptible to reactive oxygen stress but were ...

We present a simple example of toughening mechanism in the homogenization of composites with soft inclusions, produced by crack deflection at microscopic level. We show that the mechanism is connected to the irreversibility of the crack process. Because of that it cannot be detected through the standard homogenization tool of the Γ-convergence.