Goguen categories were introduced as a suitable categorical description of L-fuzzy relations, i.e., of relations taking values from an arbitrary complete Brouwerian lattice L instead of the unit interval [0, 1] of the real numbers. In this paper we want to study the algebraic structures derived from Goguen categories by replacing its second-order axiom by some weaker versions.

We extend the Arrow–Fisher–Hanemann–Henry (AFHH) and Dixit–Pindyck (DP) option values to a game situation. By reinterpreting the AFHH option value as a change in the surplus from conservation because of the prospect of future information, we deal with a conceptual difficulty associated with the AFHH option value in the presence of strategic interactions. We then introduce the DP option value in...

We show a range of complexity results for the Ricardo and Heckscher-Ohlin models of international trade (as Arrow-Debreu production markets). For both models, we show three types of results: 1. When utility functions are Leontief and production functions are linear, it is NP-hard to decide if a market has an equilibrium. 2. When utility functions and production functions are linear, equilibria ...

In this paper, we establish a connection between ranking theory and general equilibrium theory. First of all, we show that the ranking vector of PageRank or Invariant method is precisely the equilibrium of a special Cobb-Douglas market. This gives a natural economic interpretation for the PageRank or Invariant method. Furthermore, we propose a new ranking method, the CES ranking, which is minim...

In this paper, the relationship between the thermodynamic and historical arrows of time is studied. In the context of a simple combinatorial model, their definitions are made more precise and in particular strong versions (which are not compatible with time symmetric microscopic laws) and weak versions (which can be compatible with time symmetric microscopic laws) are given. This is part of a l...

A simple inexpensive con!nuous quality control method, by means of eight basic blood coun!ng parameters, obtained from automated hematology analyzers, using pa!ent samples, is described. A few samples with low, normal and high values were selected and introduced to the instrument early in the morning as the first count, the results of which are plo#ed on the appropriate chart as dots. The sa...

Figure 2. Histologic section of the gallbladder showing a granuloma with histiocytes, an eosinophil (small arrow), and a calcified ovum of a Fasciola species measuring 130 mm (large arrow) (hematoxylin-eosin stain; original magnification, 100). Figure 1. Abdominal CT showing a large, irregular, crescent-shaped, calcified density (large arrow) in the proximal duodenum and a calcification (small ...