Thorough understanding of the rainfall-runoff processes that influence watershed hydrological response is important and can be incorporated into the planning and management of watershed resources. Soft computing techniques and inferential statistics were used to assess 2 rainfall-runoff models and their runoff predictive accuracy in this article. The 1954 simplified SCS runoff model was found t...

Rainfall, topography and soil characteristics are considered to control spatial redistribution of phosphorus in catchments. To advance this research, a hydrology model is needed to describe spatial variation of soil moisture dynamics and runoff source areas in multiple runoff events. This study examined whether the spatially distributed, topographically based rainfall-runoff model, TOPMODEL pro...

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................1 Rainfall and Runoff Characteristics for Urban Areas .............................................................................................2 Small Storm Hydrology.............................................................

This paper presents a method for estimating runoff coefficients of urban drainage subcatchments based on a combination of high resolution weather radar data and flow measurements from a downstream runoff sensor. By utilising the spatial variability of the precipitation it is possible to estimate the runoff coefficients of the separate subcatchments. The method is demonstrated through a case stu...

The rational method is derived as a special case of kinematic wave flow. The definition of runoff coefficient is expanded from the flow-based ratio into volume-based ratio between the volumes under runoff hydrograph and rainfall hyetograph. The new method presented in this paper provides a dimensionless approach to theoretically derive the runoff coefficients for both the conventional two-flow ...

The off-site transport of pesticides with runoff is both an agronomic and environmental concern, resulting from reduced control of target pests in the area of application and contamination of surrounding ecosystems. Experiments were designed to measure the quantity of pesticides in runoff from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) turf managed as golf course fairway to gain a better understan...

Increasing costs associated with inorganic fertilizer have led to widespread use of broiler litter. Proper land application, typically limiting nutrient loss, is essential to protect surface water. This study was designed to evaluate litter-borne microbial runoff (heterotrophic plate count bacteria, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and Clostridium perfringens) while applying typica...

In this paper, a glacial module based on an enhanced temperature-index approach was successfully introduced into the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to simulate the glacier runoff and water balance of a glacierized watershed, the mountainous region of the Yarkant River Basin (YRB) in Karakoram. Calibration and validation of the SWAT model were based on comparisons between the simula...

Soil phosphorus (P) fractions and runoff P concentration were measured to understand the fate of soil P entering surface runoff water during summer cropping season of different double cropping systems under two fertilizer regimes. The dominant form of runoff P was particulate P (PP). Runoff total P (TP) was higher at the vegetative growth stage and lower at the crop reproductive stage. TP and P...