The constitutive transport element (CTE) of the simian type D retroviruses overcomes nuclear retention and allows nuclear export of unspliced viral RNAs by recruiting TAP, a host factor which is thought to be required for export of cellular mRNAs. In this report, we show that the first 372 amino acid residues of TAP, comprising a stretch of leucine-rich repeats, are both necessary and sufficien...

Hot pixels provide a potentially useful probe of CTE effects, as they can be used to measure effects at the smallest scales -at single pixel level. Herein we outline a method of using the tails on hot pixels to quantify CTE effects, and apply it to CTE tails in WFPC2 dark frames. As we show, many of the behaviors associated with photometric CTE are also found for hot pixel tails including the d...

BACKGROUND A hallmark of retroviral gene expression is that unspliced retroviral genomic RNA is exported to the cytoplasm, whereas endogenous intron-containing cellular RNAs are usually retained in the nucleus. In complex retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), nuclear export is accomplished by the interaction of a virally encoded protein, Rev, with a cis-acting RNA elemen...

BACKGROUND Video capsule enteroscopy (VCE) has revolutionized small bowel imaging, enabling visual examination of the mucosa of the entire small bowel, while MR enteroclysis (MRE) and CT enteroclysis (CTE) have largely replaced conventional barium enteroclysis. A new indication for MRE and CTE is the clinical suspicion of small bowel strictures, as indicated by delayed or non-delivery of a test...

BACKGROUND CT enterography yields striking findings in the bowel wall in Crohn's disease. These images may help to evaluate whether small bowel narrowing results from active disease requiring anti-inflammatory therapy. However, the clinical relevance of these images is unknown. It is also not known if these radiologic findings correlate with objective biomarkers of inflammation. METHODS In a ...

Background and aims: The differential diagnosis between Crohn's disease (CD) and ischemic colitis (ISC) is important as their clinical management is different. ISC can easily be misdiagnosed as CD, especially in elderly populations. The distinctive radiographic features of the two disease entities have not been investigated. The aim of this study is to assess the utility of computed tomographic...

Chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a light-regulated, NAD(P)H-dependent enzyme involved in plant photosynthetic carbon reduction. Unlike lower photosynthetic organisms, which only contain A(4)-GAPDH, the major GAPDH isoform of land plants is made up of A and B subunits, the latter containing a C-terminal extension (CTE) with fundamental regulatory functions. Light-a...

OPINION STATEMENT Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a unique neurodegenerative disease found in individuals with a history of repetitive head impacts. The neuropathology of CTE is increasingly well defined. Prospective, longitudinal studies with post-mortem neuropathologic validation as well as in vivo diagnostic techniques are needed in order to advance the understanding of CTE clinica...

سابقه و هدف: با افزایش بی­رویه جمعیت در شهر‌ها دفع ایمن پسماند یک مشکل اساسی برای این کلان­ شهرها محسوب ‌می‌شود. مسئله دفن محل آن انتهای قرار دارد. ‌معمول‌ترین روش جوامع شهری کشور ایران سایر کشورهای جهان همین ارزیابی اثرات زیست­ محیطی کاهش منفی بسیار مهم است. از رو مطالعه ‌محل زباله ارومیه ریام مورد گرفت.مواد روش‌ها: استفاده به منظور اطلاعاتی صورت میدانی شهرستان جمع‌آوری شد. سپس تاثیر فعالیت‌ها...

objective(s): carthamus tinctorius l. (ct) or saffloweris widely used in traditional chinese medicine. this study investigated the effects of ct extract (cte) on ischemia–reperfusion (i/r) brain injury and elucidated the underlying mechanism. materials and methods: the i/r model was conducted by occlusion of both common carotid arteries and right middle cerebral artery for 90 min followed by 24...