INTRODUCTION Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumors in adults. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a major limitation reducing efficacy of anti-cancer drugs in the treatment of GBM patients. Areas covered: Virtually all GBM recur after the first-line treatment, at least partly, due to invasive tumor cells protected from chemotherapeutic agents by the ...

Culture-based blood-brain barrier (BBB) models are crucial tools to enable rapid screening of brain-penetrating drugs. However, reproducibility of in vitro barrier properties and permeability remain as major challenges. Here, we report that self-assembling multicellular BBB spheroids display reproducible BBB features and functions. The spheroid core is comprised mainly of astrocytes, while brai...

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is a specialized non fenestrate barrier that formation by the endothelial cells and controls the transportation of the cells and molecules in to the brain. Reducing in function of BBB is one of disruptions in neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis. Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) help to the BBB to control the diapedesis of inflammatory cells & molecules in to...

Acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP), raised in obesity and inflammation, is a main binding protein for leptin. It is assumed that CRP contributes to leptin confrontation by preventing leptin from crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here we defined how CRP cooperates with the BBB and whether it deters leptin from attainment CNS targets. CRP was constant in blood, but did not permeate the BB...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is an inflammatory disorder, in which neurons become demyelinated. to date, its etiology has remained unknown. nevertheless, certain features are inspected to provoke ms. for instance, improper function of immune cells is widely believed to be the basis of such disorder. in this concept, ms is stated as an autoimmune disease, which was asserted by major of studies, as cd...

BACKGROUND Bundle branch block (BBB) has been regarded as a disease of the conduction system, but occurs in mice lacking connexin 40 (expressed in atria, proximal conduction system) or connexin 43 (expressed in Purkinje cells, cardiomyocytes). OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to explore whether BBB is heritable, and whether polymorphisms at connexin 40 and connexin 43 loci are associated wi...

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) models are often used to investigate BBB function and screen brain-penetrating therapeutics, but it has been difficult to construct a human model that possesses an optimal BBB phenotype and is readily scalable. To address this challenge, we developed a human in vitro BBB model comprising brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), pericytes, astrocytes and neurons d...

The transmigration of African trypanosomes across the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the critical step during the course of human African trypanosomiasis. The parasites Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense are transmitted to humans during the bite of tsetse flies. Trypanosomes multiply within the bloodstream and finally invade the central nervous system (CNS), which leads to t...

Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection of the central nervous system (CNS) that occurs after bacteria interact with and penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is comprised of highly specialized brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) that function to separate the circulation from the CNS and act as a formidable barrier for toxins and pathogens. Certain bacteria, such as Str...