We would like to welcome our readers to the twenty-eighth issue of 49 th Parallel and our second of 2012. In the last few months there have been some exciting developments at the journal and we hope that 49 th Parallel will continue to flourish in the future. We would like to welcome our new Articles Editor, Galateia Demetriou, to the 49 th Parallel team. Galateia is a second year doctoral rese...

c Journal of Maritime Research ▪ 24/1(2010) 27 Mr. sc. Edvard Tijan / M. Sc. Adrijana Agatić, univ. bacc. ing., student Sveučilište u Rijeci / University of Rijeka Pomorski fakultet u Rijeci / Faculty of Maritime Studies Rijeka Studentska 2 51000 Rijeka Hrvatska / Croatia Dr. sc. Bojan Hlača / Ph. D. Lučka uprava Rijeka / Rijeka Port Authority Riva 1 51000 Rijeka Hrvatska / Croatia Pregledni čl...

Ferdinand Freudenstein (1926-2006) is widely acknowledged to be the father of modern kinematics of mechanisms and machines. His Ph. D. thesis in 1954 and subsequent research papers by him and his students have influenced academic and industrial research, teaching and practice related to the analysis and design of mechanisms and machines throughout the world. In this article, we revisit Freudens...

iii To mankind and science iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am especially indebted to my academic advisor, Dr. Constantin F. Aliferis. Without his colossal commitment and contribution to this project, this work would probably never exist. I would also like to acknowledge members of my Ph. Statnikova, and my mother-in-law, Ludmila Morozyuk. Their encouragement and support were crucial for my Ph.D. studies ...

ii To my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank all those who helped me in completing this dissertation. Most and foremost, Karem Sakallah, who has been an outstanding academic advisor and a very good friend for the course of my graduate work at Michigan. His suggestions, thorough reviews, and encouragement at the various stages of my Ph.D research are gratefully acknowledged. Many ...

Esophageal pH monitoring is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease because of the normal ranges across the pediatric age range. However, this method can only detect acid reflux. Multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring has recently been used for the detection of bolus reflux in infants and children. This method allows for the detectio...

محاسبه دز جذبی در اندام انسان یکی از اولین گام‌­ها برای توسعه رادیوداروهای جدید است. هدف این مطالعه تخمین توسط ترکیب نوین نشاندار Cu-NODAGA-RGD-BBN64 بدین‌منظور ابتدا با تغییر پارامترهای مؤثر بر نشاندارسازی شرایط بهینه تهیه شد. پایداری پپتید هترودیمر بافر سالین فسفات (PBS) و سرم خون انسانی به مدت 12 ساعت ارزیابی پس آن، توزیع زیستی کمپلکس موش‌های حامل تومور تزریق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نهایت، اسا...

سنت‌گرایان با دیدگاهی سلبی نسبت به معرفت‌شناسی مدرن پسادکارتی، صحبت از معرفتی کرده‌اند که دارای صبغه‌ای مابعدالطبیعی و ناظر مراتب مختلف وجود است. آنها حکم عدم کفایت تجربه استدلال محور پسارنسانس هستند، منبع اصلی معرفت دست‌یابی حقیقت را عقل شهودی می‌انگارند. شهودگرایی در سنت‌گرایی، حد روش باقی نمی‌ماند نظر می‌رسد نوعی تحول پارادایم مواجه‌ایم می‌کوشد انگاره‌های دیگر تغییر دهد. مسئلة این مقاله آن ا...

In this essay I analyze Einstein’s statistical papers from 1902–1904. In these papers, Einstein developed the foundations of a theoretical program that he applied to concrete problems in 1905 and in subsequent years. It combined skepticism about classical mechanics, a firm belief in molecules, and absolute confidence in statistical principles. However, Einstein’s dissertation does not follow hi...