Muscle pain is associated with decreased motor unit discharge rate during constant force contractions. As discharge rate is a determinant of force, other adaptations in strategy must explain force maintenance during pain. Our aim was to determine whether motor unit recruitment strategies are altered during pain to maintain force despite reduced discharge rate. Motor unit discharge behavior was ...

BACKGROUND Cats with diabetes mellitus can have subclinical pancreatitis but prospective studies to confirm this are lacking. Metabolic control of diabetic cats with pancreatitis is difficult. HYPOTHESIS Subclinical pancreatitis occurs in diabetic cats at the time diabetes is diagnosed or might develop during the follow-up period, hampering diabetic remission. ANIMALS Thirty cats with newly...

On 5 July 2001, SWIFT and FIX Protocol Limited (FPL) announced that the two organisations will seek convergence of their respective messaging protocols by centering on the development and adoption of ISO 15022 XML as a common industry standard. SWIFT and FPL will actively support the efforts of ISO Working Group 10, the group focused on the migration to XML of ISO 15022, which is the current st...

Currently there are design barriers inhibiting the implementation of high-precision digital signal processing (DSP) objects with field programmable logic (FPL) devices. This paper explores overcoming these barriers by fusing together the popular distributed arithmetic (DA) method with the residue number system (RNS) for use in FPL-centric designs. The new design paradigm is studied in the conte...

In this paper, first-order logic is interpreted in the framework of universal algebra, using the clone theory developed in three previous papers [1] [2] and [3]. We first define the free clone T pL, Cq of terms of a first order language L over a set C of parameters in a standard way. The free right algebra FpL, Cq of formulas over the clone T pL, Cq of terms is then generated by atomic formulas...

Cucumber seedling growth under constant and fluctuating photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) light (CPL FPL, respectively) was examined to discuss whether plants can acclimate CPL versus FPL. The FPL created in a chamber by artificially reproducing fluctuations ground-level sunlight PPFD using phosphor-converted white LEDs. daily mean at the canopy surface photoperiod were same for grown t...

A mutant strain of Pichia stipitis, FPL-061, was obtained by selecting for growth on L-xylose in the presence of respiratory inhibitors. The specific fermentation rate of FPL-061, was higher than that of the parent,Pichia stipitis CBS 6054, because of its lower cell yield and growth rate and higher specific substrate uptake rate. With a mixture of glucose and xylose, the mutant strain FPL-061 p...

More than three-quarters of a million (772,000) older Californians are among the "hidden poor"--older adults with incomes above the federal poverty line (FPL) but below a minimally decent standard of living as determined by the Elder Economic Security Standard™ Index (Elder Index) in 2011. This policy brief uses the most recent Elder Index calculations to document the wide discrepancy that exis...