Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are a family of ion channels activated by the binding of cyclic nucleotides. Endogenous channels have been used to measure cyclic nucleotide signals in photoreceptor outer segments and olfactory cilia for decades. Here we have investigated the subcellular localization of cGMP signals by monitoring CNG channel activity in response to agonists that activate ...

Nonmotile cilia on olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) compartmentalize signaling molecules, including odorant receptors and cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, allowing for efficient, spatially confined responses to sensory stimuli . Little is known about the mechanisms of the ciliary targeting of olfactory CNG channels, composed of three subunits: CNGA2, CNGA4, and CNGB1b . Recent reports su...

The cGMP sensitivity of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels can be modulated by changes in phosphorylation catalyzed by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases. Previously, we used genistein, a PTK inhibitor, to probe the interaction between PTKs and homomeric channels comprised of alpha subunits (RETalpha) of rod photoreceptor CNG channels expressed in Xenopus oocy...

403 C o m m e n t a r y In this issue, Dai et al. present an investigation of the biophysics of phosphatidylinositide (PIP) regulation of the cyclic-nucleotide gated (CNG) channels expressed in cone photoreceptors. Although PIPs facilitate or stabilize the activation of many other types of ion channels , they strongly inhibit the response to cAMP or cGMP (collectively, cNMP) of CNG channels. Pr...

PURPOSE FGFR1 copy-number gain (CNG) occurs in head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) and is used for patient selection in FGFR-specific inhibitor clinical trials. This study explores FGFR1 mRNA and protein levels in HNSCC cell lines, primary tumors, and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) as predictors of sensitivity to the FGFR inhibitor, NVP-BGJ398. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FGFR1 status, expr...

The evolutionary histories of complex traits are complicated because such traits are comprised of multiple integrated and interacting components, which may have different individual histories. Phylogenetic studies of complex trait evolution often do not take this into account, instead focusing only on the history of whole, integrated traits; for example, mapping eyes as simply present or absent...

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels play a key role in olfactory and visual transduction. Native CNG channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of the principal alpha subunits (CNG1-3), which can form functional channels by themselves, and the modulatory beta subunits (CNG4-5). The individual alpha and beta subunits that combine to form the CNG channels in rod photoreceptors (CNG1 + CNG4)...

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in vertebrate photoreceptors are crucial for transducing light-induced changes in cGMP concentration into electrical signals. In this study, we show that both native and exogenously expressed CNG channels from rods are modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. The cGMP sensitivity of CNG channels, composed of rod alpha-subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes, g...

Sensory transduction in olfactory neurons is mediated by intracellular cAMP, which directly gates a nonselective cation channel. A cDNA encoding a cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channel subunit (rOCNC1) has been cloned previously from rat olfactory epithelium. However, differences between the functional properties of rOCNC1 and the native olfactory CNG channel suggest that the native channel...

Experimental investigations carried out on a single-cylinder four-stroke motorcycle spark ignition engine operating on gasoline and natural gas are reported in the present paper when compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen were used as fuel. The investigations were carried out by mixing a small percentage of hydrogen (5 to 30%) with CNG and supplied to the engine. Hydrogen and CNG were mixed ...