Hund's term rules are only valid for isolated atoms, but have no generalization for molecules or clusters of several atoms. We present a benchmark calculation of Al2 and Al3, for which we find the high and low-spin ground states (3)Πu and , respectively. We show that the relative stabilities of all the molecular terms of Al2 and Al3 can be described by simple rules pertaining to bonding structu...

The co-extraction phenomenon was found in a typical chelate extraction system, in which the extraction of lanthanoid ion (Ln3+) with acetylacetone (Hacac) was highly enhanced by various metal ions (M(n+)) such as Cu2+, Al3+, and Zr4+. This phenomenon was ascribed to the formation of the 1:1 adduct between Ln(acac)3 and the M(acac),, extracted into the organic phase. The co-extraction occurred m...

About a decade ago, members of a new protein family of anion channels were discovered on the basis of their ability to confer on plants the tolerance toward toxic aluminum ions in the soil. The efflux of Al3+-chelating malate anions through these channels is stimulated by external Al3+ ions. This feature of a few proteins determined the name of the entire protein family as Aluminum-activated Ma...

In this research, dipeptide (his-β-alanine) and porphyrin derivatives were choosen for comparing chelating ability of toxic metals such as Al3+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ in vitro. The reason for choosing these two compounds is that both of them are naturally present in biological systems and comparison of chelating ability of these two compounds has not yet been done. Synthesis and comparison of kin...

Cast and aged Al–0.1Zr and Al–0.1Zr–0.1Ti (at.%) alloys, upon compressive creep deformation at 300–400 C, exhibit threshold stresses attributable to climb-controlled bypass of coherent Al3Zr and Al3(Zr1 xTix) precipitates. Al–0.1Zr–0.1Ti exhibits a smaller threshold stress than Al–0.1Zr, which is attributed principally to a reduced lattice parameter mismatch between the Al3(Zr1 xTix) precipitat...

mHT(Zn) and mHT(Mg) hydrotalcites were fabricated by co-precipitation of Zn2+/Al3+ Mg2+/Al3+ salt mixtures in the presence Fe3O4 used as supports for immobilizing cellulase to form cell@mHT(Zn) cell@mHT(Mg). The structure properties mHT(Zn), mHT(Mg), cell@mHT(Zn), cell@mHT(Mg) characterized Fourier−transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, filtering electron microscopy. effect p...

A novel potentiometric Al3+−ion selective microelectrode (ISME), with internal solid contact, based on the use of a neutral carrier morin as ionophore is reported. The ability ISME to image local ion concentration distributions was tested aluminum alloy surfaces freely corroding in an aqueous solution containing chloride ions. then used sensing tip for scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)...

روش‌های مختلفی برای زمان­‌سنجی امواج مشابه و با تحریک یکسان ارایه شده است که توجه به شرایط موج می‌­توان بهترین گزینه را انتخاب کرد. لذا هدف ما یافتن روش زمان‌سنجی جهت خروجی از حسگر UFSD زیرا می­‌خواستیم این حسگرها آشکارسازی پروتون‌ها در سیستم پروتون درمانی برای­ درمان ­تومورهای سرطانی استفاده کنیم. راستا مقایسه مختلف مثل تفکیک‌کننده کسر ثابت (CFD)، همبستگی متقابل(CC) زمان بیش آستانه (TOT)با داد...