BACKGROUND Accurate and reliable laboratory methods are needed for estimation of HIV-1 incidence to identify the high-risk populations and target and monitor prevention efforts. We previously described a single-well limiting-antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA) to detect recent HIV-1 infection. METHODS We describe here further optimization and characterization of LAg-Avidity E...

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a tool for mitigating the effects of developmental projects on environment and promoting sustainable development. EIA an expensive, professionally engaged process that involves public. Many countries around world have long-standing laws in place connected to this topic, as well solid knowledge experience. One persistent argument against efficacy developi...

1 Data 1.1 U.S. Refineries 1.1.1 Sources of data I match and compile three data sets on characteristics and imports of U.S. refineries collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA): (i) capacity of distillation unit and upgrading units (parts 6-7 of form EIA-820: annual refinery report); (ii) imports of crude oil, (form EIA-814: monthly imports report) (iii) domestic purchases o...

Sir, Exercise induced anaphylaxis (EIA) and its subtype food dependent (FD)EIA are uncommon and easily missed forms of allergy. Exercise induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a unique form of physical allergy characterised by rapid onset of generalised urticaria and occasionally complicated by respiratory compromise and/or cardiovascular collapse during or shortly after exercise. The first case report w...

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Asthma is often reported by elite athletes, especially endurance athletes. The aim of this article is to review current knowledge of mechanisms and management of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in adult elite athletes. RESULTS The mechanisms underlying EIA is incompletely understood, but the two prevailing hypotheses are the hyper-osmolarity and the thermal hypothesis. Bot...

An estrogen receptor enzyme immunoassay kit (ER-EIA) has been evaluated in 70 human breast carcinomas against a routine cytoplasmic [3H]estradiol binding assay (ERU). A linear correlation between the ER-EIA and the ERU was observed for binding values up to 400 fmol/mg of cytosol protein. Above this value, the ERU underestimates the concentration of receptor. The ERU gave a lower number of estro...

An enzyme immunossay (EIA) was adapted for detection of antibody to varicella-zoster virus, and its sensitivity and specificity were compared with those of neutralization, immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA), and complement fixation tests. Test sera showed little nonspecific reactivity in the EIA system, and valid results could usually be obtained at serum dilutions as low as 1:8. Demonstr...

Seven hundred thirty-two female urogenital samples were collected for Chlamydia trachomatis testing by both the Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur (Chaska, Minn.) Chlamydia Microplate EIA by the shortened protocol and the Syva (San Jose, Calif.) MicroTrak II EIA, and the results were compared with those obtained by cell culture. For the analysis of samples from female patients, the patients were divide...