Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is an important determinant in edema formation. Three methods for assessing the COP were evaluated. Direct measurement of COP using the 4420 Wescor Colloid Osmometer was compared to the estimation of COP from both serum total protein and total serum solids (TSS) determinations. Blood samples from twenty adult patients (mean age = 64 years) undergoing card...

OBJECTIVES Kinetic patterns of the lower extremity joints have been shown to be influenced by modification of the location of the center of pressure (CoP) of the foot. The accepted theory is that a shifted location of the CoP alters the distance between the ground reaction force and the center of the joint, thereby modifying torques during gait. Various footwear designs have been reported to si...

In this study, two force platforms were synchronized to investigate the coordination of the right and left foot center of pressure (COP(R) and COP(L)) and its relation to the COP(NET) in the control of 5 upright postures with and without visual information. The results revealed that the standard deviation (SD) of COP(L), COP(R), and COP(NET) progressively increased in the more challenging stagg...

There are many programming paradigms for the separation of concerns (SoC). Each paradigm modularizes concerns in a different way. Context-oriented programming (COP) has been developed as a supplement to objectoriented programming (OOP), which is one of the most widely used paradigms for SoC. It modularizes concerns that are difficult for OOP. In this paper, we focus on three paradigms OOP, aspe...

We consider the minimum order graphs with a given cop number k, and we focus especially on the cases k = 2, 3. We prove that the minimum order of a connected graph with cop number 3 is 10, and show that the Petersen graph is the unique isomorphism type of graph with this property. We provide the results of a computational search on the cop number of all graphs up to and including order 10. A re...

OBJECTIVE To determine the cost of medical attention associated with traffic accidents in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS Prospective observational study with data from adult patients attended to in the emergency centers of 6 hospitals. RESULTS Average total cost per patient was $1'112.000 COP. Average daily cost of hospitalized patients was $1'200.000 COP. Average cost of ambulatory treated pati...

A graph G is given and two players, a cop and a robber, play the folioking game: the cop chooses a vertex, then the robber chooses a vertex, then the players move alternately beginning with the cop. A move consists of staying at one’s present vertex or moving to an adjacent vertex; each move is seen by both players. The cop wins if he manages to occupy the same vertex as the robber, and the rob...

Knowledge Management (KM) on its surface may appear to be a dichotomous dis-synchronization with Community of Practice (CoP) development. KM is systematic and intentional, and presumes the defined body of facts. CoP, on the other hand, is based, as its name intends, on skill-based practice. It is the above oversimplified definition, though, that prompted the case study referred to herein. CoP b...

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of centre of pressure (COP) and centre of mass (COM) fluctuations in ballet dancers standing quietly. Ten healthy young women performing classic ballet dance as recreational exercise (dancer group) and 10 healthy non-ballet dancers young women who were not ballet dancers (control group) participated in this study. Participants were in...

BACKGROUND Postural control deficits in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are widely acknowledged; however, the underlying biomechanical features of these deficits remain unknown. Nonlinear analyses provide insight into the nature of how movement is controlled and have the potential to provide new insight into the postural control abnormalities associated with ASD. The purpose of...