OBJECTIVE To compare the short-term physiologic effects of mask pressure support ventilation (PSV) and proportional assist ventilation (PAV) in patients in clinically stable condition with chronic ventilatory failure (CVF). DESIGN Randomized, controlled physiologic study. SETTING Lung function units of two pulmonary rehabilitation centers. PATIENTS Eighteen patients with CVF caused by COP...

Interactions between an invasive aphid, Metopolophium festucae (Theobald) subsp. cerealium, and Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) were studied under laboratory conditions. M. festucae cerealium is an economic pest of wheat and barley that has recently been found in high population densities in wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. BYDV-PAV is the most prevalent and injurious s...

It is established that an approximately 70-kb Lcr plasmid enables Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, to multiply in focal necrotic lesions within visceral organs of mice by preventing net synthesis of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), thereby minimizing inflammation (Lcr+). Rabbit antiserum raised against cloned staphylo...

We consider approval-based committee voting, i.e. the setting where each voter approves a subset of candidates, and these votes are then used to select a fixedsize set of winners (committee). We propose a natural axiom for this setting, which we call justified representation (JR). This axiom requires that if a large enough group of voters exhibits agreement by supporting the same candidate, the...

BACKGROUND Based on a promising pilot study with weekly carboplatin and teniposide (CBDCA/VM) the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) performed a randomised phase III trial in patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer aimed at the development of an effective palliative treatment with low subjective toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS From September 1989 to September 1991 p...

Assisted ventilation with pressure support (PSV) or proportional assist (PAV) ventilation has the potential to produce periodic breathing (PB) during sleep. We hypothesized that PB will develop when PSV level exceeds the product of spontaneous tidal volume (VT) and elastance (VTsp . E) but that the actual level at which PB will develop [PSV(PB)] will be influenced by the DeltaPCO2 (difference b...

BACKGROUND Recent data indicate that assisted modes of mechanical ventilation improve pulmonary gas exchange in patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Proportional assist ventilation (PAV) is a new mode of support that amplifies the ventilatory output of the patient effort and improves patient-ventilator synchrony. It is not known whether this mode may...

We used proportional assist ventilation (PAV) to evaluate the sources of respiratory drive during sleep. PAV increases the slope of the relation between tidal volume (VT) and respiratory muscle pressure output (Pmus). We reasoned that if respiratory drive is dominated by chemical factors, progressive increase of PAV gain should result in only a small increase in VT because Pmus would be downreg...

BACKGROUND Failure to wean can prolong ICU stay, increase complications associated with mechanical ventilation, and increase morbidity and mortality. The spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is one method used to assess weaning. The aim of this study was to assess proportional assist ventilation plus (PAV+) as an SBT by comparing its applicability, safety, and efficacy with T-tube and pressure sup...