BACKGROUND   Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex aetiology. The identification of candidate intermediate phenotypes that are both heritable and genetically linked to ADHD may facilitate the detection of susceptibility genes and elucidate aetiological pathways. Very low-frequency (VLF; <0.5 Hz) electroencepha...

Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity (ADSP) is paramount to synaptic processing and maturation. However, identifying the ADSP capabilities of the numerous synapses converging onto spinal motoneurons (MNs) remain elusive. Using spinal cord slices from mice at two developmental stages, 1-4 and 8-12 postnatal days (P1-P4; P8-P12), we found that high-frequency stimulation of presumed reticulospin...

Spinal cords from 2- to 8-day-old rats, maintained in vitro, were used to investigate the effects of discrete electrical stimuli applied to the ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) on motor neuron activity recorded from the lumbar ventral roots. Short trains of stimuli (1-3 s) delivered to one VLF in the low cervical region elicited rhythmic activity that persisted for up to 30 s. Responses consisted ...

Lightning discharges radiate the bulk of their electromagnetic energy in the very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) and extremely low frequency (ELF, 3–3000 Hz) bands. This energy, contained in impulse-like signals called radio atmospherics or sferics, is guided for long distances by multiple reflections from the ground and lower ionosphere. This suggests that observed sferic waveforms radiated fro...

The product of the vlf-1 (very late factor 1) gene is required for expression of very late genes during the final phase of infection. To determine whether VLF-1 functions as a transcriptional activator, VLF-1 was overexpressed and purified by affinity and cation exchange chromatography. The addition of purified protein to transcription assays containing baculovirus RNA polymerase stimulated tra...

[1] Modulated high frequency (HF, 3–10 MHz) heating of the ionosphere in the presence of the auroral electrojet currents is an effective method for generating extremely low frequency (ELF, 3–3000 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) radio waves. The amplitudes of ELF/VLF waves generated in this manner depend sensitively on the auroral electrojet current strength, which varies with time. I...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become a leading tool in the evaluation of the human brain function. In fMRI the activation induced blood oxygenation changes in the brain can be detected with an inherent blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast. Even small blood oxygen fluctuations in a resting brain can be depicted with the BOLD contrast. This thesis focuses on characteriz...

BACKGROUND It is speculated that high saturated fat very low carbohydrate diets (VLCARB) have adverse effects on cardiovascular risk but evidence for this in controlled studies is lacking. The objective of this study was to compare, under isocaloric conditions, the effects of a VLCARB to 2 low saturated fat high carbohydrate diets on body composition and cardiovascular risk. METHODS Eighty th...

Spontaneous oscillations in cerebral haemodynamics studied with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), become impaired in several pathological conditions. We assessed the spectral characteristics of these oscillations in 20 patients with falciparum malaria admitted to Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, India. Monitoring included continuous frontal lobe NIRS recordings within 24 h of admission (Day 0...