Abstract. In recent years, the amount of water used for agricultural purposes has been rising due to an increase in food demand. However, anthropogenic usage, such as irrigation, is still not or poorly parameterized regional- and larger-scale land surface models (LSMs). By contrast, satellite observations are directly affected by, hence potentially able detect, irrigation they sense entire inte...

The interactions between crops and the atmosphere significantly impact surface energy hydrology budgets, climate, crop yield, agricultural management. In this study, a multipass land data assimilation scheme (MLDAS) is proposed based on Noah-MP-Crop model. ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method used to jointly assimilate leaf area index (LAI), soil moisture (SM), solar-induced chlorophyll fluores...

Land–atmosphere energy and moisture exchange can strongly influence local regional climates. However, high uncertainty exists in the representation of land–atmosphere interactions numerical models. Parameterization surface processes is greatly affected by parameter Czil, which, however, typically defined as a domain-wide constant value. In this study, we examine sensitivity climate simulations ...

• Surface and vertical profile NWP performance evaluated with multi-scale observations. Land surface models, not PBL schemes, drive variations between simulations. models added cropland parameters do necessarily improve skill. Simulations underestimate moisture quantities overestimate heights. We suggest strategies better understand model these processes for arid regions. Soil links hydrologic ...

I offer an overview of recent literature on ellipsis phenomena in natural language, including the most salient empirical arguments surrounding the classification of ellipsis as a phenomenon of the Phonological Form or of the Logical Form. I show that the majority of evidence supports the view of ellipsis as PF-deletion rather than LF-copying. I then give a theoretical argument that supports thi...