OBJECTIVES Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are common in HIV-infected adults in Africa and difficult to diagnose. Inaccurate diagnosis results in adverse outcomes. We describe patterns of meningitis in a Malawian hospital, focusing on features which differentiate CM and TBM with the aim to derive an algorithm using only clinical and basic laboratory data available ...

In the airways of severe asthmatics, an increase of neutrophils and eosinophils is often observed despite high-dose corticosteroid therapy. We previously reported that interleukin-8-stimulated neutrophils induced trans-basement membrane migration (TBM) of eosinophils, suggesting the link between neutrophils and eosinophils. Concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the airway increase in se...

Total body mass (TBM) is known to be related to a number of different osteological features in vertebrates, including limb element measurements and total skeletal mass. The relationship between skeletal mass and TBM in birds has been suggested as a way of estimating the latter in cases where only the skeleton is known (e.g., fossils). This relationship has thus also been applied to other extinc...

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with season, and serum vitamin D levels, which are dependent on sunlight, might play a role. We studied the association between TBM incidence rate and hours of sunshine in Cape Town, South Africa and found a significant association between the incidenc...

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is well described in the literature. Reports of MDR TB meningitis (MDR-TBM), however, are limited to case reports and a single case series. During the period of 1999-2002, 350 patients with TBM were identified by cerebrospinal fluid culture for TB. Thirty patients (8.6%) had TB that was resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. All 30 ...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging features of 160 adult patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) according to "Thwaites' diagnostic index." METHODS The subjects of this retrospective study are the patients with TBM who were followed up between years 1998 and 2009 in a tertiary referral hospital. Diagnosis of TBM was based on clini...

Tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier-Kuhn syndrome) is defined as marked cystic tracheobronchial dilatation. Tracheobronchomegaly (TBM) is a rare condition primarily effecting men between the ages of 40 to 50 years. The etiology of TBM is unknown. Pathologically, there is atrophy of the muscular and elastic elements of the trachea and central bronchi. The diagnosis of TBM and the associated pathology ...

Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is characterized by weakness of cartilaginous supporting structures of tracheal and bronchial walls, resulting in central airway obstruction. It is a rare condition that can occur after prolonged intubation. Here, we report a 26-year-old, alcoholic male who had TBM, mild subglottic, and severe tracheal stenosis following 2 weeks of intubation. Subglottic and tracheal...

Guinea pigs sensitized with heterologous renal cortical tubular basement membrane (TBM) 1 preparations develop a characteristic form of autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis (anti-TBM disease) (1). Widespread cortical tubular damage occurs, together with an extensive interstitial infiltrate that includes lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells (1-5). The disease...

IMPORTANCE The study demonstrates use of a novel intervention for severe tracheobronchomalacia (TBM). OBJECTIVE To test a novel, 3-dimensionally (3D) printed, bioresorbable airway splint for efficacy in extending survival in a porcine model of severe, life-threatening TBM. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized, prospective animal trial was used to evaluate an external airway splint as treatm...