BACKGROUND Stress is a consequence of different types of external demands, most of which have been shown to be associated with increased risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), but whether accumulation of stressors over a life-course results in additional risk of IHD remains unknown. This study investigates the impact of major life events (MLE) in childhood, adulthood and at work, singly and acc...

Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) is a widely used statistical estimation method. In this lecture, we will study its properties: efficiency, consistency and asymptotic normality. MLE is a method for estimating parameters of a statistical model. Given the distribution of a statistical model f(y ; θ) with unkown deterministic parameter θ, MLE is to estimate the parameter θ by maximizing the pro...

We propose a neural encoder-decoder model with reinforcement learning (NRL) for grammatical error correction (GEC). Unlike conventional maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), the model directly optimizes towards an objective that considers a sentence-level, task-specific evaluation metric, avoiding the exposure bias issue in MLE. We demonstrate that NRL outperforms MLE both in human and automated...

Introduction: The gamma cameras, based on scintillation crystal followed by an array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), play a crucial role in nuclear medicine. The use of square PMTs provides the minimum dead zones in the camera. The camera with square PMTs also reduces the number of PMTs relative to the detection area. Introduction of a positioning algorithm to improve the spat...

RNA hairpins are a common type of secondary structures that play a role in every aspect of RNA biochemistry including RNA editing, mRNA stability, localization and translation of transcripts, and in the activation of the RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways. Participation in these functions often requires restructuring the RNA molecules by the association of single-strand (ss) ...

Abstract We classify the two-way quasi-independence models (independence with structural zeros) that have rational maximum likelihood estimators, or MLEs. give a necessary and sufficient condition on bipartite graph associated to model for MLE be rational. In this case, we an explicit formula in terms of combinatorial features graph. also use Horn uniformization show general log-linear M MLE, a...

When in a full exponential family the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) does not exist, the MLE may exist in the Barndorff-Nielsen completion of the family. We propose a practical algorithm for finding the MLE in the completion based on repeated linear programming using the R contributed package rcdd and illustrate it with two generalized linear model examples. When the MLE for the null hypothe...

In regression problems involving vector-valued outputs (or equivalently, multiple responses), it is well known that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), which takes noise covariance structure into account, can be significantly more accurate than the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. However, existing literature compares OLS and MLE in terms of their asymptotic, not finite sample, guara...

The X chromosome provides an ideal model system to study the contribution of RNA-protein interactions in epigenetic regulation. In male flies, roX long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) harbor several redundant domains to interact with the ubiquitin ligase male-specific lethal 2 (MSL2) and the RNA helicase Maleless (MLE) for X-chromosomal regulation. However, how these interactions provide the mechanics...

Mustard (Brassica juncea) leaves are commonly consumed in different Asian and African countries. Cancer is a major burden of disease worldwide, and the colorectal and lung cancers are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancers. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of mustard leaf (MLE) on the growth, angiogenic, and metastatic potentials o...