Introduction: Random number generation is indispensable in cryptography, scientific computing and stochastic computing. In cryptography, the quality of randomness of the generator is critical for security [1]. The pseudo-RNG generates sequences using a deterministic algorithm, so the sequence inevitably repeats and becomes predictable. A true RNG is nondeterministic and unpredictable, often rel...

Neurophysiological and functional imaging studies have demonstrated that frontal regions of the brain are particularly responsive to homeostatic sleep pressure. Previous neuropsychological studies indicate that sleep deprivation causes impairments in prefrontal cortical function. Random number generation (RNG) is thought to provide a sensitive index of executive functions that rely on the prefr...

We provide the first provable-security analysis of the Intel Secure Key hardware RNG (ISK-RNG), versions of which have appeared in Intel processors since late 2011. To model the ISKRNG, we generalize the PRNG-with-inputs primitive, introduced by Dodis et al. at CCS’13 for their /dev/[u]random analysis. The concrete security bounds we uncover tell a mixed story. We find that ISKRNG lacks backwar...

trajectory using genetic algorithms (GA) is presented. The efficiency of the proposed approach, without loss of generality, is demonstrated through a simulation carried out on a planar 6-DOF robot manipulator. The approach benefits from two key features. First, the method of data representation which guarantees the satisfaction of joints angle limits, and second the conversion of considered mod...

In this paper n, k are natural numbers, X is a non empty set, and S is a σ-field of subsets of X. Next we state several propositions: (1) Let M be a σ-measure on S, F be a function from N into S, and given n. Then {x ∈ X: ∧ k (n ≤ k ⇒ x ∈ F (k))} is an element of S. (2) Let F be a sequence of subsets of X and n be an element of N. Then (the superior set sequence of F )(n) = ⋃ rng(F ↑ n) and (th...

Since ancient times, noble gold has continuously contributed to several aspects of life from medicine to electronics. It perpetually reveals its new features. We report the finding of a unique form of gold, reticular nanostructured gold (RNG), as an aqueous black colloid, for which we present a one-step synthesis. The reticules consist of gold crystals that interconnect to form compact strands....

The limited battery power available in the nodes of an ad hoc network makes it mandatory to reduce the energy expenditure. Thus, reducing the transmission distances between nodes and balancing the number of nodes among clusters are two effective approaches to battery power conservation in the design of green wireless ad hoc networks. To realise this goal, the concept of relative neighbourhood g...

The process of compound selection and prioritization is crucial for both combinatorial chemistry (CBC) and high throughput screening (HTS). Compound libraries have to be screened for unwanted chemical structures, as well as for unwanted chemical properties. Property extrema can be eliminated by using property filters, in accordance with their actual distribution. Property distribution was exami...

We quantify precisely the distribution of the output of a binary random number generator (RNG) after conditioning with a binary linear code generator matrix by showing the connection between the Walsh spectrum of the resulting random variable and the weight distribution of the code. Previously known bounds on the performance of linear binary codes as entropy extractors can be derived by conside...