β-Lactoglobulin (LG) is suspected to enhance or modulate human immune responses. Moreover, LG is also hypothesized to increase human cell proliferation. However, these potential functions of LG have not been directly or thoroughly addressed. In this study, we demonstrated that LG is a potent stimulator of cell proliferation using a hybridoma cell (a splenocyte fused with a myeloma cell) model. ...

Cow's milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies in childhood. Beta-lactoglobulin (β- lg) is a dominant allergen in cow's milk. Hydrolysis is known as an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of proteins. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the allergenicity of β-lg and its hydrolysates using an animal model. Twenty four BALB/c mice were divided into three groups ...

Force transmission between rat ankle plantar-flexors has been found for physiological muscle lengths and relative positions, but only with all muscles maximally activated. The aims of this study were to assess intermuscular mechanical interactions between ankle plantar-flexors during (i) fully passive conditions, (ii) excitation of soleus (SO), (iii) excitation of lateral gastrocnemius (LG), an...

ATTANACH's flecked ( fd ) translocation, T( I ;X)Ct is thought to be a 3-point nonreciprocal translocation in which an inverted segment (SLrzYNsKI 1967) of the mid-portion of linkage group I (LG I, EICHER 1967) has been inserted into the mid-portion of the X (CATTANACH 1966). One of the break points in LG I is between the sh-1 and Hbb loci (EICHER 1967; WOLFE 1967). The second break point is be...

PURPOSE Senior surgeons prefer open gastrectomy (OG), while young surgeons prefer laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of LG performed by a senior surgeon who was an expert in OG during his learning period, by comparing them with LGs performed by a young surgeon. MATERIALS AND METHODS A senior surgeon performed 50 curative gastrectomie...

We present a succinct representation of a set of n points on an n × n grid using n lg n + o(n lg n) bits to support orthogonal range counting in O(lg n/ lg lg n) time, and range reporting in O(k lg n/ lg lg n) time, where k is the size of the output. This achieves an improvement on query time by a factor of lg lg n upon the previous result of Mäkinen and Navarro [1], while using essentially the...

PURPOSE Lymphangiogenesis (LG) accompanies many corneal diseases after inflammatory, infectious, or chemical insults and is a primary mediator of transplant rejection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a time window for therapeutic intervention of corneal LG and whether a combined blockade of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 effectively suppresses early-, middle-, or late-stage L...

Maternal care in mammals is the prevailing environmental influence during perinatal development. The adult rat offspring of mothers exhibiting increased levels of pup licking/grooming (LG; High LG mothers), compared to those reared by Low LG dams, show increased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression, complex dendritic tree structure, and an enhanced capacity for synaptic potentiation. ...