Recent empirical research questions the validity of using Malthusian theory in preindustrial England. Using real wage and vital rate data for the years 1650-1881, I provide empirical estimates for a different region: Northern Italy. The empirical methodology is theoretically underpinned by a simple Malthusian model, in which population, real wages, and vital rates are determined endogenously. M...

phenomena by chapters on the way in which others have thought. There is a particularly incisive chapter in which he goes back to Johannes Muller and shows that Miiller was in fact much subtler than the crude interpretations of his work which were used to justify the rigid specificity theory of sensation. It is particularly interesting to compare this book with Pain by William Noordenbos (Amster...