Tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8(+) T cells are functionally distinct from their circulating counterparts and are potent mediators of host protection against reinfection. Whether local recognition of antigen in nonlymphoid tissues during infection can impact the formation of Trm populations remains unresolved. Using skin infections with vaccinia virus (VacV)-expressing model antigens, we found ...

IL-15 regulates central and effector memory CD8 T cell (TCM and TEM, respectively) homeostatic proliferation, maintenance, and longevity. Consequently, IL-15 availability hypothetically defines the carrying capacity for total memory CD8 T cells within the host. In conflict with this hypothesis, previous observations demonstrated that boosting generates preternaturally abundant TEM that increase...

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells are an important first line of defense from infection in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues, such as the mucosal tissues of the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts. This memory T cell subset is established late during resolution of primary infection of those tissues, has a distinct genetic signature, and is often defined by the cell surface expression ...

Mesoscale eddies in the ocean mix fluid parcels in a way that is highly constrained by the stratified nature of the fluid—so much so that much of our intuition about ocean mixing comes from thinking in density coordinates. Temporal-residual-mean (TRM) theory provides the link between the different views that are apparent from averaging turbulent flow in height coordinates and in density coordin...

We present a transport protocol that uses IP multicasting to provide reliable multicast transport services for distributed applications. The Transport Protocol for Reliable Multicast (TRM) has a receiver{ oriented style of deening group membership and the lack of group information at the source. The distributed nature of the group membership information within TRM ensures scalability, which we ...

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) constitute a major component of the immune-surveillance system in nonlymphoid organs. Local, noncognate factors are both necessary and sufficient to support the programming of TRM cell fate in tissue-infiltrating T cells. Recent evidence suggests that TCR signals received in infected nonlymphoid tissues additionally contribute to TRM cell formation. Her...

Wi-Fi based indoor 3D localization is becoming increasingly prevalent in today's pervasive computing applications. However, traditional methods can not provide accurate predicting result with sparse training data. This paper presented an approach of indoor mobile 3D location estimation based on TRM (Transfer Regression Model). TRM can reuse well the collected data from the other floor of the bu...

Tissues such as the lung, skin, intestinal epithelium, and reproductive tract serve as a barricade against pathogen exposure for the entire body. Specifically within the skin and mucosal tissues, a population of resident CD8 T cells plays a salient role in the protection against infection. Resident-memory CD8 T cells (TRM) are a long-lived subset of memory CD8 T cells that do not re-circulate a...

Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is an intermediate filament that is known to be a prognostic marker in several types of cancer. However, little is known about CK20 expression and tumor metastasis in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 (TRM-7) breast cancer cells. TRM-7 cells overexpress CK20, resulting in enhanced invasiveness in vitro. CK20 silencing reduced the invasiveness of TRM-7 cells. Moreover, CK20 express...

Time reversal (TR) utilizes an array of transducers, a time reversal mirror (TRM), to locate sources. Here TR is applied to simple sources using steady-state waveforms in a numerical, point source model in a half-space environment. It is found that TR can effectively localize a simple source broadcasting a continuous wave, depending on the angular spacing. Furthermore, the angular spacing and t...