BACKGROUND Streptomycin (SM) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a part of standard regimens for retreating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases. The incidence of MDR-TB in retreatment cases was 19% in Thailand. To date, information on SM resistance (SMR) gene mutations correlated to the SMR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Thai isolates is limited. In this study, t...

BACKGROUND Non-AIDS-defining cancers (non-ADCs) have become the leading non-AIDS-related cause of death among people with HIV/AIDS. We aimed to quantify the excess risk of cancer-related deaths among Italian people with AIDS (PWA), as compared with people without AIDS (non-PWA). METHODS A nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study was carried out among 5285 Italian PWA, aged 15-...

An Indiana capacitor-manufacturing cohort (n=3,569) was exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from 1957 to 1977. The original study of mortality through 1984 found excess melanoma and brain cancer; other studies of PCB-exposed individuals have found excess non-Hodgkin lymphoma and rectal, liver, biliary tract, and gallbladder cancer. Mortality was updated through 1998. Analyses have inclu...

OBJECTIVE Evaluate use of a web-based shared medical record (SMR) between older patients with diabetes and providers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study. Health records and SMR use patterns of 6,185 enrollees aged ≥65 years with diabetes were analyzed from implementation of a SMR in August 2003 through December 2007. We analyzed baseline predictors of age, sex, ...

The authors examined 1,615 workers exposed to dioxins in trichlorophenol production in Midland, Michigan, to determine if there were increased mortality rates from exposure. Historical dioxin levels were estimated by a serum survey of workers. Vital status was followed from 1942 to 2003, and cause-specific death rates and trends with exposure were evaluated. All cancers combined (standardized m...

BACKGROUND Although patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience excess mortality compared with the general population, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for Korean patients on dialysis has not yet been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the SMR among all Korean ESRD patients on maintenance dialysis in 2009 and 2010, and compared it according to age categories, sex, and d...

Small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) represent a robust opportunity to develop low-carbon and reliable power with the potential meet cost parity conventional systems. This study presents detailed, bottom-up economic evaluation of 12 × 77 MWe (924 total) light-water SMR (LW-SMR) plant, 4 262 (1,048 MWe) gas-cooled (GC-SMR) 5 200 (1,000 molten salt (MS-SMR) plant. Cost estimates are derived from...

Several studies have linked inhalation of airborne arsenic with increased risk of respiratory cancer, but few have analyzed the shape of the exposure-response curve. In addition, since inhaled airborne arsenic affects systemic levels of inhaled arsenic, there is concern that inhaled arsenic may be associated with cancers of the skin, bladder, kidney, and liver, which have been linked to ingeste...

Background. Despite the high technical expertise in percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC), mitral regurgitation (MR) remains a major procedure-related complication. The aim of this work is to find out the most sensitive and applicable predictors of development of significant mitral regurgitation (SMR) following percutaneous mitral commissurotomy using Inoue balloon technique. Methods. We stu...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the mortality of workers who had been exposed to asbestos, machining fluids and foundry work in a foundry and heavy engineering plant in the railway rolling stock manufacturing industry in New Zealand. METHODS Historical cohort study design. RESULTS For the total workforce of 3522 men employed between 1945 and 1991, follow up was 90% of person-years to 31 December ...