Inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration are pathological features of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the brains of MS patients, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mRNA and protein are upregulated, and changes in the levels of tPA correlate with progression of the disease. However, the role of tPA in MS is as yet unknown. tPA functions in the CNS in neuronal plasticity and cell death. tPA...

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is an essential component of the proteolytic cascade that lyses blood clots. Various studies also suggest that tPA plays important roles in peripheral nerve regeneration. Here we show that disruption of tPA gene reduces macrophage migration after sciatic nerve injury in mice. Moreover, lack of tPA activity attenuates migrating ability of macrophages and affect...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE IV administration of tPA is accepted as a standard treatment for acute cerebral ischemia, but the clinical outcomes cannot be guaranteed in patients who are not recanalized after IV-tPA and in those who are not eligible for IV-tPA. In this study, outcomes from groups of patients treated with additional IA thrombolytic therapy with the use or omission of IV-tPA administrat...

Tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a key enzyme in the fibrinolytic cascade. In this paper we report that tPA contains 2 independent epitopes that exert opposite effects on blood vessel tone. Low concentrations of tPA (1 nM) inhibit the phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction of isolated aorta rings. In contrast, higher concentrations (20 nM) stimulate the contractile effect of PE. The 2...

Studies in animal models of cerebral ischemia indicate that besides its thrombolytic effect, treatment with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) also induces an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in the ischemic tissue associated with the development of cerebral edema. Earlier, we had shown that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a substrate...

We analyzed the secretory dynamics of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in EA.hy926 cells, an established vascular endothelial cell (VEC) line producing GFP-tagged tPA, using total internal reflection-fluorescence (TIR-F) microscopy. tPA-GFP was detected in small granules in EA.hy926 cells, the distribution of which was indistinguishable from intrinsically expressed tPA. Its secretory dynamics...

Cage‐like metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising for hexane isomer separation, but their aperture sizes difficult to control precisely. Herein, a molecular valve strategy is proposed fine‐tune the of cage‐like MOFs, thereby enhancing separation performance isomers. Three novel isostructural namely Cu‐MO 4 ‐TPA, synthesized using different oxometallate anions (MO 2− , M = Cr, Mo, and W) l...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare visual acuity outcomes between the following procedures used to treat submacular hemorrhages: pneumatic displacement followed by intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) if needed (pneumatic ± tPA) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with subretinal tPA (PPV + tPA). PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective chart review...

Our studies indicate that tritiated 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ([3H]TPA) produced by the reduction of the C-20 aldehyde with sodium [3H]borohydride is recognized by the same cellular site as is unlabeled 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). None of the concentrations of TPA used in these studies had an effect on the cell number and viability of human peripheral blood lymphocyte...

BACKGROUND The burden of stroke is becoming an important issue in Asian countries, where half of the world's population lives. In Western populations, standard-dose intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) at a dose of 0.9 mg/kg administered up to 4.5 h following acute ischaemic stroke has been shown to improve clinical outcomes. However, the dosage of tPA in Asian populations varies, par...