The effectiveness of UV and chlorination, used individually and sequentially, was investigated in killing pathogenic microorganisms and inhibiting the formation of disinfection by-products in two different municipal wastewaters for the source water of reclaimed water, which were from a microfilter (W1) and membrane bioreactor (W2) respectively. Heterotrophic plate count (HPC), total bacteria co...

The study objective was to estimate the pressure threshold (ED(05), effective dose, or in situ peak rarefactional pressure associated with 5% probability of lesions) of ultrasound (US)-induced lung hemorrhage as a function of pulse duration (PD) in adult rats. A total of 220 10- to 11-week-old 250-g female Sprague-Dawley rats (Harlan) were randomly divided into 20 ultrasonic exposure groups (10...

deficit- irrigation is one of the measures for water saving and optimum application of water in surface irrigation. however, lack of enough evidences, doubts on the proper application of deficit- irrigation, dissemination of research results and its application by the farmers are of practical challenging issues. this paper summarizes and analyzes some research results on deficit- irrigation in ...

We examined the extent of osmotic adjustment and the changes in relative water content (RWC) and transpiration rate (i.e., relative stomatal function) that occur in water-deficit-conditioned 6-year-old Thuja occidentalis L. (eastern white cedar) trees in response to a severe drought. Trees conditioned by successive cycles of mild or moderate nonlethal water stress (conditioning) and nonconditio...

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree traditionally cultivated in the Mediterranean basin where plants undergo, to some degree, stress due to unfavourable environmental conditions. Water deficit, freezing, salinity and air pollution are a few of the stress factors restricting growth, so that olive productivity at the end of the growing season expresses only a fraction of the plant’s gen...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the shear bond strengths of two adhesives using two types of brackets: a conventional and a self-ligating bracket system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty extracted human premolars were collected. The premolars were randomly divided into three groups of 20 teeth. All three groups were direct bonded. Groups 1 and 2 used light-cured adhesive and primer (Transbond XT...

We monitored dynamics of stem water deficit (ΔW) and needle water potential (Ψ) during two consecutive growing seasons (2011 and 2012) in a dry inner Alpine environment (750 m above sea level, Tyrol, Austria), where Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies and Larix decidua form mixed stands. ΔW was extracted from stem circumference variations, which were continuously recorded by electronic band dendromet...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hymenophyllaceae (filmy ferns) are typically plants of shady, constantly moist habitats. They attain greatest species diversity and biomass in humid tropical montane forests and temperate hyperoceanic climates. This paper presents ecophysiological data bearing on their worldwide ecological niche space and its limits. METHODS Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to monitor rec...

Root and hypocotyl elongation, water status and solute accumulation were studied in osmotically stressed seedlings of the tropical tree, Colophospermum mopane (Kirk ex Benth.) Kirk ex J. Léonard, which grows in hot arid areas of southern and central Africa. Seeds were imbibed for 24 h and then subjected to a polyethylene-glycol-generated osmotic stress of -0.03 (control), -0.2, -0.8, -1.6 or -2...

Water deficit caused by addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 at -0.5 MPa water potential to well-aerated nutrient solution for 48 h inhibited the elongation of maize (Zea mays) seedling primary roots. Segmental growth rates in the root elongation zone were maintained 0 to 3 mm behind the tip, but in comparison with well-watered control roots, progressive growth inhibition was initiated by water...