The present study was carried out to evaluate the specific and amplified β-glucuronidase (βG) expression in prostate cancer cells by using a prostate‑specific antigen (PSA) promoter-controlled bicistronic adenovirus and to evaluate the specific killing of prostate cancer cells after the application of the prodrug DOX‑GA3. Bicistronic adenoviral expression vectors were constructed, and the effec...

Cereal aleurone responses to gibberellic acid (GA3) include activation of synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes and acidification of the external medium. We have studied the effect of the pH of the incubation medium on the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) aleurone cells to GA3. De-embryonated half grains show the capacity for GA3-activated medium acidification when incubation is carried out at p...

Gamma-linoleic acid in the seed oil of evening primrose makes it nutritionally and pharmaceutically valuable. If evening primrose wants to be cultivated as an annual plant, sowing time is important. By the late sowing and depends to time most plants do not produce flower stem and stay in rosette stage until next spring. To solve this problem, the present study was performed. Seedling were trans...

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a biennial crop of high commercial value in Pakistan. considered as salt sensitive plant species. The present investigation was carried out to investigate the effect salinity on onion and its alleviation through exogenously applied gibberellic acid (GA3; 100 mg L-1). Foliar application GA3 (100 L-1) seedlings grown under three levels (0, 2 or 4 dS m-1) after 45 days so...

This study was conducted during growing season of 2022 in a private orchard pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Mahdawi which is located at Dulib village, Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan region to evaluate the efficacy foliar spray of, Gibberellins (GA3) Kelatex (Ca) and Aminoplasmal (A). The experiment designed as factorial randomized complete block (RCBD) with three replications, for each treat...

The roles of gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the regulation of vacuolar pH (pH,) in aleurone cells of barley were investigated using the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). BCECF accumulated in vacuoles of aleurone cells, but sequestration of the dye did not affect its sensitivity to pH. BCECFloaded aleurone cells retained th...

Although gut microbiome composition is well defined, the mechanisms underlying community assembly remain poorly understood. Bacteroidales possess three genetic architectures (GA1-3) of the type VI secretion system (T6SS), an effector delivery pathway that mediates interbacterial competition. Here we define the distribution and role of GA1-3 in the human gut using metagenomic analysis. We find t...

This study investigated the developmental toxicity of a plant growth regulator (a type of pesticide) using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to 11 different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3), from stage 8 to 11, for 96 h under static renewal test conditions. The median lethal concentration (LC50), malformation (EC50), non-observed ad...