The effect of theta pulse stimulation (TPS) on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced long-term potentiation of population spikes (PS) was studied in the hippocampal CA1 in vitro. A transient PTZ application produced a long-lasting enhancement of PS amplitude. A 3-min episode of TPS delivered at a higher intensity produced complete reversal of the PTZ potentiation when delivered during the last minute...

Background and Purpose ?-Arrestin2 recruitment to ?-receptors may contribute the development of opioid side effects. This possibility led TRV130 PZM21, opioids reportedly biased against ?-arrestin2 in favour G-protein signalling. However, low efficacy by PZM21 simply reflect partial agonism overlooked due overexpression ?-receptors. Experimental Approach Efficacies apparent potencies DAMGO, mor...

IL-1ra is the first described naturally occurring receptor antagonist of any cytokine or hormone-like molecule. IL-1ra is a member of the IL-1 family by three criteria: amino acid sequence homology of 26 to 30% to IL-1 beta and 19% to IL-1 alpha; similarities in gene structure; and common gene localization to human chromosome 2q14. Two structural variants of IL-1ra exist: sIL-1ra, a secretory m...

introduction: it is known that acute and chronic stress induce hormonal and neuronal changes which affecting both pain threshold and nociceptive behaviours. orexin plays an important role in modulation of pain and stress. considering pain modulation during stress and the role of orexin in pain and stress, orexin might be involved in pain modulation during stress.we evaluated the involvement of ...

Interleukin-1 antagonism is a proposed biomarker and potential therapy for the delay and/or treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We evaluated role circulating interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in prospectively monitored cohort T1D patients. In order to determine mechanistic association between IL-1ra T1D, we performed co-localization analyses serum protein quantitative trait loci genome...

Although exercise-induced humoral factors known as exerkines benefit systemic health, the role of most has not been investigated. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a representative chemokine whose circulating concentrations increase after exercise, and it one exerkines. MCP-1 ligand for CC receptor 2 (CCR2), which expressed on monocytes, macrophages, muscle cells. However, there no ...

objective(s): atherosclerosis is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. neuropeptide y (npy) and its receptors, located in peripheral tissue such as white adipose tissue, have been linked to obesity and fat storage. the role of npy in atherosclerosis has not yet been fully studied, so this study was conducted to further investigate the effect of biie 0246, an npy receptor antagoni...

The effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonists on hypothermia induced by cocaine or morphine have been studied in mice. In the present work, subcutaneous (SC) injection of cocaine (50-150 mg/kg) or morphine (125-500 mg/kg) induced hypothermia in mice. Administration of CCKA receptor antagonist MK-329 (0.5-1.5 mg/kg), CCKB receptor antagonist L-365, 260 (0.5-1.5 mgl kg) and CCK r...