Two epitopes have been identified recently to be responsible for the high-affinity binding of alkane-bisammonium and caracurine V type allosteric ligands to N-methylscopolamine (NMS)-occupied M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, relative to M5 receptors: the amino acid M2-Thr423 at the top of transmembrane region (TM) 7 and an epitope comprising the second extracellular loop (o2) of the M2 re...

The effect of endogenous dopamine on PET measures of radioligand binding is important to the measurement of receptor density (or availability) and neurotransmitter interactions in vivo. We recently reported that pretreatment with amphetamine, a drug which stimulates dopamine release, significantly reduced NMS binding in the baboon brain as determined by the product lambda k3 derived from the gr...

Detection of demografic and clinical risk factors associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome: evaluation of cases in the Turkish literature Objective: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a severe adverse effect which can be seen during antipsycotic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographics, clinical features, psychiatric diagnoses, laboratory findings, treatment ...

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but lethal complication of neuroleptics. Its incidence ranges between 0.02% and 3%. Amisulpride, a second generation neuroleptic, was associated with rhabdomyolysis in one report and NMS in 2 reports. Although the precise pathogenesis is still unclear, dopamine receptor blockade is theorized to play a central role. Conventional presentations includ...

Over the last decade, engineered nanomaterials (NMs) brought a revolutionary development in many sectors of human life including electronics, paints, textiles, food, agriculture, and health care. However, the exponential growth in the number of NMs applications resulted in uncertainties regarding their environmental impacts. Currently, the common approach for assessing the toxicity of NMs such ...

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is the most serious of acute neurological side effects produced by antipsychotic medication, characterized by hyperthermia, rigidity, altered consciousness and autonomic dysfunction, the prevalence of which varies from 0.4-1.4%. NMS is usually seen in treatment with high potency typical antipsychotics and very rarely with atypical antipsychotics. However, NM...

Objective: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare, but life-threatening condition associated with the use of antipsychotics. Although NMS is mainly associated with typical antipsychotics, it can also be induced by atypical antipsychotics. In this paper, we report a case of NMS associated with clozapine use and describe the classic and atypical manifestations of NMS. The case and discuss...

Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) could trigger long-term changes in the central neuronal responses to nociceptive stimuli in rats. Stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia is closely associated with the dysfunction of descending pain modulatory systems. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) not only has an important role in long-term synaptic plasticity but also in facilitating descending pain...

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is one of the life-threatening adverse drug reactions caused by dopamine receptor-antagonists, such as high-potency typical antipsychotics. A case of a 16-year-old male patient who developed NMS after administration of haloperidol is reported. He demonstrated classic features of NMS, including generalized muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis, fever, altered menta...