Abstract. The objective of this work is to simulate the spectral gamma-ray response NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors for airborne spectrometry (AGRS) using state-of-the-art multi-purpose Monte Carlo code FLUKA. study based on a commercial detector system with four individual crystals and total volume 16.8 L. To validate developed model, radiation measurements were conducted 57Co, 60Co, 88Y, 109C...

Here we examined several physiological properties of two near-isogenic lines of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) that differ in grain cadmium accumulation, to identify the function of a gene locus that confers differential grain Cd concentrations. Time- and concentration-dependent uptake and translocation studies using 109Cd were conducted on nutrient solution-grown seedlings. Root ex...

Renal damage due to an accumulation of the metal is an important factor in chronic cadmium poisoning. Absorbed cadmium from the intestine contributes to the accumulation of cadmium in the kidney of normal individuals who are free from other occupational exposures to the metal. Thus, information about intestinal cadmium absorption is important for our understanding of chronic cadmium poisoning. ...

The main source of cadmium in the diet is cereal or meat, especially in liver and kidney. Since the cadmium in both liver and kidney is bound to metallothionein, a heat-stable protein, the gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism of cadmium metallothionein (CdMt) was studied in detail. The selective renal cadmium deposition after oral CdMt was analogous to the studies on injected CdMt. Metall...

Several nutrients are known to affect cadmium toxicity, but little is known about the effect of dietary nutrient levels on absorption and tissue retention of cadmium at low dietary levels, similar to those of man. Feeding gradedlevels of zinc in a casein-gelatin diet to young Japanese quail with 109Cd (as the chloride) and 0.062 ppm added cadmium decreased the cadmium concentrations in the prov...

The purpose of the present study was to determine if the inclusion of whole-grain wheat or wheat bran in the diet or the addition of Zn to the diet affects the absorption and accumulation of Cd. Five groups of six rats each were fed deionized water and one of five diets composed of one part basic diet and one part wheat crispbread for 6 weeks. The accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidneys was...

Although population exposure to lead has declined, chronic lead toxicity remains a major public health problem in the United States affecting millions of children and adults. Important gaps exist in knowledge of the pathophysiology of chronic lead intoxication. These gaps have impeded development of control strategies. To close current gaps in knowledge of chronic lead toxicity, we propose an i...

Two isoforms of metallothionein (MT) have been isolated from rainbow trout livers following CdCl2 injections. These MTs have been identified by standard procedures and appear to be similar to mammalian MTs. Total RNA from such induced livers was shown to contain high levels of MT-mRNA activity when translated in cell free systems. This activity was demonstrated to be in the 8 to 10S region of a...

Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), dimercaptosuccinate (DMSA), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) were compared for their relative efficacies at equimolar doses in promoting mobilization of metallothionein-bound cadmium (Cd) from its sites of deposition several weeks after i.p. injection of a sublethal dose of Cd containing 109Cd. Routes and rates of excretion were also determined. The most ...