85 INTRODUCTION 87 MATERIALS AND METHODS 90 Mosquito Maintenance and Injection Protocol 90 Establishing Brugia Infection 90 Gene Selection & dsRNA Generation 91 Relative Quantitative RT-PCR 93 Quantitative RT-qPCR 95 Phenotype Analysis 98 Statistical Analysis 99 RESULTS 100 Target Genes were Expressed During Mosquito Life Cycle Stages 100 In Squito Suppression of Target Genes was Potent and Spe...

Human activities have more than doubled inputs of nitrogen (N) to terrestrial ecosystems worldwide (1). Until recently, most of this increase was focused in the developed regions of the world. With fertilizer consumption (2), fossil-fuel emissions (3), and biomass burning (4) rapidly increasing in less developed regions, sources and distribution of anthropogenic N now occur globally (5), as doe...

Avalanche photodiodes will be used to detect scintillation light from PbWO4 crystals in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter. Properties of Hamamatsu APD are reported and special attention has been devoted to the study of radiation hardness and room temperature annealing. We found a fast recovery with a time constant of 1.3 days, a medium fast recovery with of the order of 10 days and indication...

Renal medullary interstitial infusion of NG-nitro-L-arginine (120 micrograms/hr, n = 7) decreased papillary blood flow to 71 +/- 5% of control without altering outer cortical flow. Before NG-nitro-L-arginine infusion, interstitial acetylcholine administration (200 micrograms/hr) increased cortical and papillary blood flow to 134 +/- 6% and 113 +/- 2% of control, respectively. After NG-nitro-L-a...

V = U ⊕ U ′, for some other subspace U ′ ⊂ V , by Theorem 3.21. Consider T restricted to U ′. This is a map T : U ′ →W , which is injective, since U ′∩ker(T ) = {0}. And note that injective maps, in general, preserve linear independence: if we have a linearly independent set {~x1, . . . , ~xn} ∈ X in a vector space X, a linear map of vector spaces A : X → Y , and a linear combination 0 = λ1A~x1...

Proof. Suppose that U1, . . . , Um are invariant subspaces of T ∈ L(V ). We wish to show that U1 + · · ·+ Um is also an invariant subspace. Consider any ~v ∈ U1 + · · ·+ Um. By definition, we can write ~v = ~u1 + · · ·+ ~um, for some ~u1 ∈ U1, . . . , ~um ∈ Um. Since U1, . . . , Um are invariant subspaces, by definition, we know T~u1 ∈ U1 ⊂ U1 + · · ·+ Um, ..., T~um ∈ Um ⊂ U1 + · · ·+ Um. Hence...