A PIV study of the flow in a stationary model of a smooth two-pass internal coolant passage is presented, which focuses on the flow characteristics in the sharp 180o bend and downstream of the bend where the flow is redeveloping. Because PIV in its traditional conception only allows for the investigation of two-dimensional flow, a stereoscopic digital PIV system was assembled that measures all ...

Excess waveguide bend loss can be minimized through the use of offsets and air trenches. Offsets, used for reducing the junction loss between straight and curved waveguides, and air trenches, which prevent bend radiation loss, were simulated by a three-dimensional, semivectorial beam propagation method. Low loss polymer waveguide bend structures, employing both offsets and trenches, were fabric...

We synthesized a liquid crystal dimer and trimer, which exhibit the twist-bend liquid crystal phase, and characterized their microscopic and nanoscopic properties to identify distinctions in the nature of their respective twist-bend phases. On the microscopic scale, the twist-bend phases formed of each oligomer appear essentially identical. However, while the liquid crystal dimer exhibits a tem...