In standard models of iterative thinking, there is a fixed rule hierarchy and every player chooses a fixed rule level. Nonequilibrium behavior emerges when some players do not perform enough thinking steps. Existing approaches however are inherently static. In this paper, we generalize models of iterative thinking to incorporate adaptive and sophisticated learning. Our model has three key featu...

We introduce ‘subgroup additivity’ as our main axiom and investigate its implications for the queueing problem. The axiom of subgroup additivity requires that a rule assigns the same expected ‘relative’ utility to each agent whether an agent’s expected relative utility is calculated from the problem involving all agents or from its sub-problems with a smaller number of agents. As a result, we p...

We consider the problem of allocating multiple social endowments (estates) of a perfectly divisible commodity among a group of agents with singlepeaked preferences when each agent’s share can come from at most one estate. We inquire if well-known single-estate rules, such as the Uniform rule, the Proportional rule or the fixed-path rules can be coupled with a matching rule so as to achieve effi...

Intelligent agents are often faced with the problem of trying to merge possibly conflicting pieces of information obtained from different sources into a consistent view of the world. We propose a framework for the modelling of such merging operations with roots in the work of Spohn (Spohn 1988; Spohn 1991). Unlike most approaches we focus on the merging of epistemic states, not knowledge bases....

http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/336/7637/184 Updated information and services can be found at: These include: References http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/336/7637/184#BIBL This article cites 12 articles, 4 of which can be accessed free at: Rapid responses http://bmj.com/cgi/eletter-submit/336/7637/184 You can respond to this article at: http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/336/7637/184#responses free...

a Department of Radiology, Hôpital Saint Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France b Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hôpital Saint Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France c Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Saint Antoine, 184, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France d Department of Visceral Surgery, Hôpital Saint Antoine, 184, r...

Methyl-CpG binding protein 1 (MBD1) regulates gene expression via a DNA methylation-mediated epigenetic mechanism. We have previously demonstrated that MBD1 deficiency impairs adult neural stem/progenitor cell (aNSC) differentiation and neurogenesis, but the underlying mechanism was unclear. Here, we show that MBD1 regulates the expression of several microRNAs in aNSCs and, specifically, that m...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common human malignancies and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The development and progression of HCC is a complicated process, involving the deregulation of multiple genes that are essential to cell biological processes. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to be closely associated with tumorigenesis. Our study...