Backward induction is a widely accepted principle for predicting behavior in sequential games. In the classic example of the “centipede game,” however, players frequently violate this principle. An alternative is a “dynamic level-k” model, where players choose a rule from a rule hierarchy. The rule hierarchy is iteratively defined such that the level-k rule is a best response to the level-(k-1)...

The cμ rule is known to be optimal in many queueing systems with memoryless service and inter-arrival times. We establish a cμ rule for a parallel flexible server system with two tiers. Multiple job classes arrive and wait in separate queues. The first tier contains classes that can only be served by one server each, and the second tier contains a class that can be served by all servers. The cμ...

Dedifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is a crucial contributing factor to the pathology of retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Herein, we aim to reveal the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in RPE dedifferentiation and seek for potential therapeutic targets. Based on the microarray data, miR-184 was sorted out as the most up-regulated...

Traditional association rule mining consider support confident measures to find out frequent item sets, it assumes all items are having equal significance. Where as weighted association rule mining assigns weights to items based on different aspects. Because researchers are more concerned with qualitative aspects of attributes (e.g. significance), as compared to considering only quantitative on...

The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-184 in gliomas with different pathological grades, and its effect on survival prognosis. For the present study, 40 participants were selected with different pathological grades of glioma tissues with grade I (n=10), grade II (n=8), grade III (n=16), and grade IV (n=6). In addition, 10 cases of normal brain tissue (ob...

In standard models of iterative thinking, there is a fixed rule hierarchy and every player chooses a fixed rule level. Nonequilibrium behavior emerges when some players do not perform enough thinking steps. Existing approaches however are inherently static. In this paper, we generalize models of iterative thinking to incorporate adaptive and sophisticated learning. Our model has three key featu...

We introduce ‘subgroup additivity’ as our main axiom and investigate its implications for the queueing problem. The axiom of subgroup additivity requires that a rule assigns the same expected ‘relative’ utility to each agent whether an agent’s expected relative utility is calculated from the problem involving all agents or from its sub-problems with a smaller number of agents. As a result, we p...

We consider the problem of allocating multiple social endowments (estates) of a perfectly divisible commodity among a group of agents with singlepeaked preferences when each agent’s share can come from at most one estate. We inquire if well-known single-estate rules, such as the Uniform rule, the Proportional rule or the fixed-path rules can be coupled with a matching rule so as to achieve effi...

Intelligent agents are often faced with the problem of trying to merge possibly conflicting pieces of information obtained from different sources into a consistent view of the world. We propose a framework for the modelling of such merging operations with roots in the work of Spohn (Spohn 1988; Spohn 1991). Unlike most approaches we focus on the merging of epistemic states, not knowledge bases....