Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in complex robotic systems (eg. quadruped locomotion). In previous works, the RL-based controller was typically implemented as a single neural network with concatenated observation input. However, corresponding learned policy is highly task-specific. Since all motors are controlled centralized way, out-of-distribution local observation...

In the past few years, Multiagent Systems (MAS) has emerged as an active subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Because of the inherent complexity of MAS, there is much interest in using Machine Learning (ML) techniques to help build multiagent systems. Robotic soccer is a particularly good domain for studying MAS and Multiagent Learning. Our approach to using ML as a tool for building Socce...

In the past few years, Multiagent Systems (MAS) has emerged as an active subfield of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Because of the inherent complexity of MAS, there is much interest in using Machine Learning (ML) techniques to help build multiagent systems. Robotic soccer is a particularly good domain for studying MAS and Multiagent Learning. Our approach to using ML as a tool for building Socce...

Many new skills are acquired during early childhood. Typical laboratory skill learning tasks are not applicable for developmental studies that involve children younger than 8 years of age. It is not clear whether young children and adults share a basic underlying skill learning mechanism. In the present study, the learning and retention of a simple grapho-motor pattern were studied in three age...

INTRODUCTION The study of expertise tends to focus on humans who can perform extraordinary feats. Although the way in which expertise is acquired is often characterized as similar to everyday skill acquisition, the attainment of basic numeracy skills is rarely considered in the same context as the attainment of expertise. It is clear, though, that average numeracy skills possess all the hallmar...

Athletes devote their lives to practicing their chosen sport so as to attain the highest level of skilled performance. A perennial question is why are some athletes better than others? Most debates on this issue reduce to genetics (natural abilities) vs differences in accumulated deliberative practice. In contrast, the target article under discussion here reports on a study that identified psyc...

OBJECTIVE Box model trainers have been used for many years to facilitate the improvement of laparoscopic skills. However, there are limited data available on box trainers and their impact on skill acquisition, assessed by virtual reality systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two Postgraduate Year 1 gynecology residents with no laparoscopic experience were randomly divided into one group that r...

We consider hierarchical model of skills . Based on the model, we clarify difficulties in mastering each skill, consider which difficulties are reduced by existing supporting method, and then clarify which difficulties remain to master self-regulation skill . In this paper we propose a method of supporting learners’ development of their self-regulation skills , which is designed to reduce the r...