Global threats to public health in the 19th century sparked the development of international health diplomacy. Many international regimes on public health issues were created between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. The present article analyses the global risks in this field and the international legal responses to them between 1851 and 1951, and explores the lessons from the first century ...

A comparison between occlusal deviations in the permanent dentition in the skulls of 94 19th century and 157 present-day Austrian males was made by means of the PAR Index. It was found that the contemporary dentitions showed significantly higher malocclusion scores than the 19th century sample (weighted PAR Index 11.79 and 6.62, respectively). The results show that secular changes in malocclusi...

Cataract surgery has at least a 3000-year history, but it was not until the 19th century when it was refined to become a routine and successful procedure. Until early this century, the extracapsular technique, introduced by Daviel in 1748, was generally performed in Europe and America, and Mexico was no exception. The brightest and most distinguished Mexican physicians practiced that surgery. S...

The recent increase in inequality in the U.S. and other developed countries has stimulated debate among economists. This debate is best exemplified by Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the twenty-first century and his critics. Taking aside the predictions for the future and the role that capital gains play in this debate, a deeper question is: what is a “normal” level of inequality in historical term...

The recent increase in inequality in the U.S. and other developed countries has stimulated debate among economists. This debate is best exemplified by Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the twenty-first century and his critics. Taking aside the predictions for the future and the role that capital gains play in this debate, a deeper question is: what is a “normal” level of inequality in historical term...

1. K. S. Crump, D. G. Hoel, C. H. Langley, R. o. Scientific Committee of the Food Safety CounPeto, Cancer Res. 36, 2973 (1976). cii,Food Cosmet. Toxicol., in press. 2. National Cancer Institute, Clearinghouse on 6. N. Chand ad D. G. Hoel, inReliability and BiCarcinogenesis, Bethesda, Md. 20014. ometry Statistical Analysis of Lafelength, F. 3. J. Cornfield, K. Rai, J. Van Ryzin, paper preProscha...

The recent increase in inequality in the U.S. and other developed countries has stimulated debate among economists. This debate is best exemplified by Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the twenty-first century and his critics. Taking aside the predictions for the future and the role that capital gains play in this debate, a deeper question is: what is a “normal” level of inequality in historical term...

The recent increase in inequality in the U.S. and other developed countries has stimulated debate among economists. This debate is best exemplified by Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the twenty-first century and his critics. Taking aside the predictions for the future and the role that capital gains play in this debate, a deeper question is: what is a “normal” level of inequality in historical term...

The recent increase in inequality in the U.S. and other developed countries has stimulated debate among economists. This debate is best exemplified by Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the twenty-first century and his critics. Taking aside the predictions for the future and the role that capital gains play in this debate, a deeper question is: what is a “normal” level of inequality in historical term...