The cosmic radiation incident at the top of the terrestrial atmosphere includes all stable charged particles and nuclei with lifetimes of order 106 years or longer. Technically, “primary” cosmic rays are those particles accelerated at astrophysical sources and “secondaries” are those particles produced in interaction of the primaries with interstellar gas. Thus electrons, protons and helium, as...

The consumption of oxygen by slices of kidney tissue of dogs made hypertensive by the Goldblatt technique was studied manometrically. The respiration of the ischemic kidney tissue was found to be much less than that of the normal kidney. Further, a marked reduction in oxidizing ability, as measured by the oxygen uptake and ammonia formation in the presence of the added amines and amino acids, t...

Methyl-n-amylnitrosamine (MNAN) induces esophageal cancer in rats, probably involving activation by cytochromes P450. We studied the metabolic depentylation of MNAN. [3H-4,5-pentyl]MNAN and [3H-2,3-pentyl]-MNAN were synthesized, purified, and incubated with rat esophageal microsomes (REM) or rat liver microsomes (RLM) to give [3H]pentaldehyde (depentylation), an indicator of MNAN activation. [3...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A proline-rich Akt substrate (PRAS) contributes to the regulation of apoptosis after a variety of cell death stimuli, as well as in an in vivo transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI) model. We reported previously that overexpression of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) reduces apoptotic cell death after tFCI. Our present study was designed to clarify the relationsh...

A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid and allantoin based on isocratic reversed-phase chromatography. This HPLC-method additionally allows the direct determination with UV-detection of inosine-5'-phosphate, uridine, thymine, orotic acid, allopurinol and oxipurinol, besides hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid in the same chromatographic r...

Occupancy profile is one of the driving factors behind discrepancies between the measured and simulated energy consumption of buildings. The frequencies of occupants leaving their offices and the corresponding durations of absences have significant impact on energy use and the operational controls of buildings. This study used statistical methods to analyze the occupancy status, based on measur...