The aim of the present study was to estimate the index and individual responses to selection for milk (MY), fat (FY) and protein (PY) yields for different breeding goals for two commercial buffalo milk production systems in São Paulo State characterized by: 1) all milk produced is sold to the industry (MILK) and 2) all milk produced is used in the mozzarella cheese-making process at the farm (M...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a widespread prenatal population-based fragile X carrier screening program. STUDY DESIGN A decision tree was designed comparing screening versus not screening for the fragile X mental retardation protein 1 premutation in all pregnant women. Baseline values included a prevalence of fragile X mental retardation protein 1 premutations of 3.3 per...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the medical and compensation costs of work-related injuries in insured workplaces in Lebanon and to examine cost distributions by worker and injury characteristics. METHODS A total of 3748 claims for work injuries processed in 1998 by five major insurance companies in Lebanon were reviewed. Medical costs (related to emergency room fees, physician consultations, tests, an...

BACKGROUND Controversy exists concerning the best treatment for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) when the National Institutes of Health consensus conference criteria for parathyroidectomy are not met. We hypothesized that parathyroidectomy would be more cost-effective than observation or pharmacologic therapy for these patients. METHODS Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed...

The objective of this study was to provide conservative estimates of the global and regional effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of tobacco control policies. Using a static model of the cohort of smokers alive in 1995, we estimated the number of smoking-attributable deaths that could be averted by: (1) price increases, (2) nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and (3) a package of non-price inte...

this paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing almond late flowering cultivars (alfc) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in sahand horticultural research station (shrs), using the economic surplus model and field survey data. alfc make almond supply curve move less to the left when there is a chilling case, thus affect the economic surplus...

BACKGROUND Pharmacoeconomic models of Helicobacter (H) pylori eradication have been frequently cited but never validated. OBJECTIVE Examine retrospectively whether H pylori pharmacoeconomic models direct decision makers to cost-effective therapeutic choices. METHODS We first replicated and then validated 2 models, replacing model assumptions with empirical data from a multipayer claims data...

OBJECTIVE Sexually transmitted infection (STI) services were offered by the nongovernmental organization Médecins Sans Frontières-Holland in Banteay Meanchey province, Cambodia, between 1997 and 1999. These services targeted female sex workers but were available to the general population. We conducted an evaluation of the operational performance and costs of this real-life project. METHODS Ef...