The advantages of immobilized enzyme over its soluble counterpart arise from their improved stability andeasy separation from the reaction media, leading to decrease in production cost. Immobilization methodsrange from adsorption onto matrices, entrapment, cross-linking and covalent bonding to prefabricatedcarriers or activated supports. Changes in kinetic properties of immobi...

Games have evolved from the arcade coin slots of the 70s to Massively Multiplayer Online games (MMOs) costing hundreds of millions of dollars to develop. Often, MMO budgets only start to break even years after they launched. Hence the need to acquire and retain players, and have them spend extra money in the game by buying virtual items. Hence the need for business intelligence (BI) in MMOs. Be...

AIMS To investigate the association between neutrophil count, outcomes, and benefit of clopidogrel therapy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS AND RESULTS Baseline neutrophil count was measured in 2865 patients in CLARITY-TIMI 28, a randomized trial of clopidogrel vs. placebo in STEMI patients undergoing fibrinolysis. Angiography was performed at 2-8 days following enrollme...

1. Metabolic remodelling in the heart occurs in response to chronically altered workload and substrate availability. Recently, the importance of the metabolic remodelling processes inherent in the hypertrophic growth response (whether primary or secondary) has been recognized. 2. Altered energy demand, shifts in substrate utilization and increased oxidative stress are observed in the hypertroph...

Defects in the mitochondrial AAA protease family member, paraplegin, result in an autosomal recessive form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). In this issue of Cell, Nolden et al. (2005) report a new molecular mechanism for HSP based on the requirement of paraplegin for the proteolysis of a specific mitochondrial ribosomal protein. The processing of this substrate is required for robust tra...

Two families of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in which one or two extracytoplasmic substrate-binding domains are fused to either the N- or C-terminus of the translocator protein have been detected. This suggests that two, or even four, substrate-binding sites may function in the ABC transporter complex. This domain organization in ABC transporters, widely represented among microorgani...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia seen in clinical practice and is associated with a notable increase in morbidity and mortality. Although there have been considerable advances in the treatment of AF, the results of drug treatment and ablation remain suboptimal.1 This is largely due to the fact that there is still little understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the i...

(K d in the low micromolar range). As a first step, Chen and Sigler formed cocrystals of the SBP peptide and the isolated apical domain of GroEL (residues 191–336), and Molecular chaperones ensure that proteins achieve and solved this structure at high resolution (2.1 A ˚ , see Figure maintain their proper folds in the appropriate cellular 2a). They have also solved and partially refined a stru...