Abstract Tremor is an involuntary and oscillatory movement disorder that makes daily activities difficult for affected patients. Hand tremor-suppression orthoses are noninvasive, wearable devices designed to mitigate tremors. Various studies have shown these effective, economical, safe; however, they drawbacks such as large weight, awkward shape, rigid parts. This study investigates different t...

In a variety of industries, Additive Manufacturing has revolutionized the whole design–fabrication cycle. Traditional 3D printing is typically employed to produce static components, which are not able fulfill dynamic structural requirements and inappropriate for applications such as soft grippers, self-assembly systems, smart actuators. To address this limitation, an innovative technology emerg...

4D printing is a cutting-edge technology that allows for the creation of dynamic, self-assembling structures by utilizing cutting edge, newly introduced smart materials. It builds upon traditional 3D adding dimension time, allowing printed objects to change shape or behavior over time. This achieved through use materials, such as memory alloys polymers, which respond external stimuli heat moist...

This paper demonstrates a new class of printable magnetic hydrogels that can be successfully used for multimaterial direct ink printing (4D printing) soft actuators. To date, most reports on actuation have not considered biocompatibility issues associated with materials and synthetic polymers. For this reason, in study, considerable attention was given to developing bionanocomposites exhibit no...

•Metallic gels consisting of pendular suspension Cu, EGaIn, and water•The are 3D-printable at room temperature over a wide compositional window•Shear alignment by dispensing enables 4D printing conductive metal composites•Printed parts have metallic conductivity 1.05 × 105 S/m without sintering step Four-dimensional (4D) refers to 3D-printed structures that change shape with respect time in res...

4D printing of shape memory polymers enables the production thermoresponsive objects. In this contribution, a facile strategy is followed for an in-house synthesized thermoplastic poly(ether urethane). Processing by means fused filament fabrication, in which difference between nozzle temperature and material-specific glass transition polymer kept as low possible, allows to obtain highly shrinka...