An anticipatory system S2 is one which contains a model of a system S1 with which it interacts. This model is a predictive model; its present states provide information about future states of S1. Further, the present state of the model causes a change of state in other subsystems of S2; these subsystems are (a) involved in the interaction of S2 with S1, and (b) they do not affect (that is, are ...

Mesh is one of the most commonly used interconnection networks and, therefore, embedding between different meshes becomes a basic embedding problem. Not only does an efficient embedding between meshes allow one mesh-connected computing system to efficiently simulate another, but it also provides a useful tool for solving other embedding problems. In this paper, we study how to embed an s1 × t1 ...

Three nuclear subfractions were prepared from isolated hepatocytes nuclei. The calmodulin content in whole nuclei was 79 ng/mg of protein. The soluble fraction obtained after digestion of the nuclei with DNase I and RNase A (S1 fraction) contained 252 ng of calmodulin/mg of protein. The pellet obtained after the digestion with nucleases was treated with 1.6 M NaCl, and the soluble fraction and ...

Let us consider S1, S2. We introduce S1 b S2 and S2 c S1 as synonyms of S1 is finer than S2. The following four propositions are true: (3)1 ⋃ (S1 \{ / 0}) = ⋃ S1. (4) For all partitions P1, P2 of Y such that P1 c P2 and P2 c P1 holds P2 ⊆ P1. (5) For all partitions P1, P2 of Y such that P1 c P2 and P2 c P1 holds P1 = P2. (7)2 For all partitions P1, P2 of Y such that P1 c P2 holds P1 is coarser ...

The primary all-trans --> 13-cis photoisomerization of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin has been investigated by means of quantum chemical and combined classical/quantum mechanical simulations employing the density matrix evolution method. Ab initio calculations on an analog of a protonated Schiff base of retinal in vacuo reveal two excited states S1 and S2, the potential surfaces of which intersec...

CORRECTION Following publication of the original article [1], the authors pointed out that the figure shown as figure S1 is actually figure S2 and vice versa. Figure S1 should show the barcharts, and figure S2 should shows the heatmaps. Figures captions are in the correct order. 1) "...SILVA-only OTUs (37,066 97% OTUs and 1266 85% clusters) (Additional file 3: Figure S2 )..." - > ...SILVA-only ...

Given sequences S1, S2, . . . Sn, and a pattern string P the constrained multiple sequence alignment problem (CMSA) is to align similar subsequences of these sequences with the constraint that the alignment “contains” P . The CMSA problem can be considered as an optimal path search problem in the dynamic programming matrix. The problem has a dynamic programming solution that requires O(2|S1||S2...

UNLABELLED Objective : Esophageal stethoscope has the advantage of being non-invasive, easily placed and capability to monitor the heart sound. This study was designed to determine whether the ratio of S1 to S2 analyzed by esophageal stethoscope and wireless bluetooth transmission can be accurate indicator that express the correlation with blood pressure. METHODS Total 33 adult male and femal...

A double-loop digraph G(N ; s1, s2) = G(V,E) is defined by V = ZN and E = {(i, i + s1), (i, i + s2)| i ∈ V }, for some fixed steps 1 ≤ s1 < s2 < N with gcd(N, s1, s2) = 1. Let D(N ; s1, s2) be the diameter of G and let us define D(N) = min 1≤s1<s2<N, gcd(N,s1,s2)=1 D(N ; s1, s2), D1(N) = min 1<s<N D(N ; 1, s). Some early works about the diameter of these digraphs studied the minimization of D(N...

1. For any instance I1 of π1, I2 = f(I1) is an instance of π2 such that OPTπ2(I2) ≤ OPTπ1(I1). 2. For any feasible solution S2 of I2, S1 = g(I1, S2) (g maps S2 into an instance of I1) we have Costπ1(I1, S1) ≤ Costπ2(I2, S2). Note that OPTπ2(I2) ≤ OPTπ1(I1) ≤ Costπ1(I1, S1) ≤ Costπ2(I2, S2). Therefore, if there is an approximation factor ∆ for π2 then there is an approximation factor ∆ for π1 as...